AP Euro Unit 1

Everything you need to know to get a 5 on the AP Exam! Specially designed to help memorize examples for FRQ and LEQ prompts!

Pillars of the Renaissance

Classicism, Humanism, Individualism, Naturalism

Petrarch

Humanist - Laid Groundwork for Renaissance, liked Cicero’s support of Roman Republic and opposition to Caesar

Civic Humanism

Gentlemen should engage in politics

Civic Humanism Examples

Bruni (Liked Roman Republic & 1 Enlightened Individual) & Machiavelli’s The Prince (Rulers should keep power at all costs)

Italian Naturalism Examples

Michelangelo’s David, Raphael’s School of Athens, Brunelleschi’s Dome in Florence

The 2 major art patrons are…

The Medicis and the papacy

The German version of the Medicis

Fuggers

Major example of philology (Study of Language)

Lorenzo Valla discovered that major Catholic Church document was a forgery

Religious shift during the Renaissance

Religious to Secular

Example of education’s focus on humanities

Castiglione wrote The Courtier about how gentlemen should be smart, strong, and skilled in humanities

Printing Press invented in…

1440s

Northern Renaissance Major Art Difference

Focus on Peasantry instead of ideals

Northern Renaissance main philosophy difference

Christian Humanism instead of Humanism - Led to increased social reform

Major Northern Renaissance Reformer Example

Erasmus wrote In Praise of Folly to criticize the Catholic church

Northern Renaissance art examples

Rembrandt’s Return of the Prodigal Son, Peter Bruegel the Elder’s The Peasant Wedding

Top-Down Religious Reform Example in Britain

Henry 8’s Treason Act - only Anglicanism is legal, Bloody Mary’s execution of Protestants, Elizabeth I’s Act of Uniformity mandating Anglicanism

Top-Down Religious Reform Example in Holy Roman Empire

Peace of Augsburg allowed rulers to choose their subjects’ religion

4 ways to consolidate power for New Monarchs

Top-Down Religious control, tax consolidation, military creation, and control of justice

Religious Control Example (Spain)

Reconquista & Inquisition

Tax, Military, and Justice control in Spain

Ferdinand and Isabella’s large bureaucracy overseeing tax collection, military forces, and judicial matters to strengthen royal authority.

French religious control example

Concordat of Bologna gave greater control to French king over church by allowing him to appoint French church officials

Mercantilism example

French Colbert’s policies increased French production and minimized imports

Portugal Empire Type

Trading Post Empire along Africa’s cost

Diplomatic Resolution of colonial conflict Example

Treaty of Tordesillas (Spain & Portugal)

Violent Resolution of Colonial conflict w/ another European Nation example

War of Spanish Succession (Spain & Portugal)

Economic Shift during Renaissance Period

Feudalism/Mercantilism to Capitalism

Price Revolution Causes & Effects

Inflation caused by more silver led to Commercial Revolution

3 Innovations of the Commercial Revolution

Money Economy, Double-Entry bookkeping, Joint-stock companies