Globalisation and Crime

What is globalisation caused by?

instant communication and increased travel

What do Held and McGrew say about globalisation?

the widening, deepening and speeding up of worldwide interconnectedness

What process does globalisation cause?

deterritorialisation

What is deterritorialisation?

an increase in the number of economic activities no longer attached to a single country

What did Held et al claim about crime?

there had been a globalisation of crime. The increasingly interconnectedness of crime across national borders and the spread of transnational crime

How does globalisation create crime?

new means of committing crime and new offences (eg Cybercrime)

What does Castell’s argue about the criminal economy?

the global criminal economy is worth over 1 trillion per annum

What are the two sides to the global criminal economy?

demand side (West) Supply side (third world countries)

How much is the international drugs trade rumoured to be worth?

400 billion

How many people are killed every minute due to an arms related offence?

one

How many organs are taken from criminals in China?

an estimated 2,000

Where is sex tourism large?

Cambodia

What is an example of international terrorism?

9/11

How are counterfeit goods a problem economically?

the money doesn’t go back into the infrastructure

Why do western countries export their labour?

cheaper due to relaxed labour and environmental laws

What has cultural globalisation resulted in?

the spread of consumerist ideology in a bulimic media-saturated society

What has disorganized capitalism resulted in?

deregulation, marketization and privatization, less social cphesion and opportunity, more insecurity

How does organized crime become linked to the economy?

often a countries largest export so will become reliant on it for money

What is an example of organised crime being linked to the economy?

Afghanistan and heroine

How came up with Global risk consciousness?

Beck

What is global risk consciousness?

Risk is seen as global rather than being tied to a particular place (eg economic migrants and asylum seekers have caused concerns over crime)

What has risk consciousness been excerbated by?

the media and ‘moral panics’

What is an example of globalisation and moral panics?

the roundabouts and immigration crisis of Summer 2025

How is global risk being internationally combated?

international cooperation and control in various wars on terror, drugs and crime

What does Taylor say about globalisation, capitalism and crime?

globalisation has caused the growth of transnational companies, and the deregulation of government powers has caused Western powers to outsource work, as people see themselves as individual consumers (due to marketisation) people continue to endorse these crimes

What social reasons are there for countries relying on illegal trades?

due to a lack od education and infrastructure

How does marketisation endorse globalised crime?

media portrays success in terms of lifestyle and consumption

What are some examples of deindustrialisation leading to globalised crime?

in LA led to growth in drug groups and same issues after Thatcher exports industry

Why do TNCs export to low wage countries?

to gain higher profits, producing job insecurities, unemployment and poverty

What us the key evaluation point for globalisation and crime?

these crimes also occur within one country BUT often fuelled by western greed

What is Hobbs and DUnningham’s ‘global crime’?

the way crime is linked to globalisation, it involves individuals with contacts acting as a ‘hub’ around which a loose-knit network forms, often linking legitimate and illegitimate activities

What is the international mafia called/

the mcmafia

What is Glenny’s study on?

study of the mcmafia and Harvey’s theory of ‘flexible accumulation’ illustrates the extent to which globalisation has led to a range of different crimes and the impact they have on society