Acids, Bases, and Salts

These flashcards cover key terminology and definitions related to the concepts of acids, bases, salts, and buffers as discussed in the lecture.

Electrolytes

Minerals that have an electric charge when dissolved in water or body fluids, essential for basic life functions.

Dissociate

To separate into ions when dissolved in water.

Anion

A negatively charged ion.

Cation

A positively charged ion.

Acid

A substance that donates protons (H+) and has a sour taste.

Base

A substance that accepts protons (H+) and often feels slippery.

Salt

A product formed from the reaction of an acid and a base, dissociating into its constituent cations and anions.

Strong Acid

An acid that dissociates H+ ions into solution at a high rate.

Weak Acid

An acid that dissociates H+ ions into solution at a low rate.

Concentrated Acid

An acid with a high solute molecule concentration.

Dilute Acid

An acid with a low solute molecule concentration.

pH Scale

A measure of the concentration of H+ ions in a solution, ranging from 1 to 14.

Buffer

A system that prevents rapid changes in pH.

Buffer Components

Weak acids and bases that help maintain a stable pH by adjusting H+ concentrations.

Saturation of Buffer

The point at which a buffer has reached maximum capacity and can no longer function effectively.