Studied by 8 people
what is 2d sketching and when is it used?
'flat' drawings that only show two dimensions
used for initial ideas
what is 3d sketching and when is it used?
drawings in 3d dimensions that show depth
used for initial ideas
what is modelling and when is it used?
the use of a variety of materials and computer animations to demonstrate a design
in between design and munfacturing (used as prototypes and testing products with cheaper materials)
when do designers use sketching in general?
Explore a concept
Thumbnail sketches and mind maps, used for understanding and exploring what stakeholders want and what it needs to do/be
Create initial ideas
Can be quite rough and are used to grasp overall design concept
Explain a design concept
Need to be understood by stakeholders etc and show form and function or a specific detail
Sell the design concept
Shows the product in use and often in CAD form
what is oblique drawing and when is it used?
A simple 3D sketch with one face square on
Used by some designers but not as often
what is isometric drawing and when is it used?
A 3D technique in which parallel lines at 30 degree angles are applied to the sides of a drawn object
Used by designers for ideas and exploded views
what is orthographic projection?
2D sketches that show different views (eg plan, front, side and sectional views)
what is perspective drawing and when is it used?
3D drawing that shows objects in proportion
Used by architects and product designers
what are exploded drawings?
These sketches are used to explain how the components of a product fit together and how they are assembled. This allows designer and engineers to spot possible construction issues.
They are drawn in isometric with lines following the isometric grid linking parts together.
what is sketch modelling?
Quick model, often just parts of a design, made from easy to work and low cost materials such as cardboard or foam.
what is sketch modelling for?
They explore initial ideas and can be tested by users and stakeholders to develop shapes and sizes. Later models will become more accurate or focused.
What is rapid prototyping?
the processes and techniques used to quickly produce a product or component directly from CAD data. The creation of the part is created using additive manufacture, or more commonly known as 3D printing.
what is cad?
computer aided design, extremely accurate and allows potential problems to be spotted early
what is cam (and some examples)?
computer aided manufacture, eg 3d printers and laser cutters
what are cad models?
•Can be rotated and viewed from every angle •They are easy to edit and changes can be made quickly •They can be simulated to see and evaluate how they would respond to different conditions
what is mathematical modelling?
The representation of a real situation, but using mathematical concepts and language These models represent real situations using maths and computer simulation. As no physical components are used it is cost effective. It is quick and can speed up production. Stresses can be predicted and parts strengthened before manufacture.
what are schematic diagrams?
They are used to show the layout in electrical systems (circuit diagrams) and mechanical systems. The connection between the components in important not the real positions of them.
what are some sources of information when designing?
First-hand information (Primary Research)
Questionnaires/surveys
Interviews/focus groups
Observations Market research - (Secondary Research)
Looking at how others have solved the problem Data
Magazines/reference/books
Material properties
Anthropometric data Biomimicry
uses nature as inspiration for problem solving
what is a focus group?
An organized discussion run by a moderator where a group are asked about their views about products, services, brands etc
what is user centered design?
Also known as human-centered design, a strategy with the aim of making products and systems useable. Focus is on the user interface and interaction.
what are some methods used in user centered design?
Focus groups
Usability testing: Data is gathered as people try out a product
Participatory design: People are actively involved in the design and decision making process at every stage
Interview: Usually one-to-one
Questionnaires
what is sytems thinking?
The understanding of a product or component as part of a larger system or product. Ensuring all levels are considered ensures the product is given the required attention to detail.
Designers need to consider all elements not just the physical product, what does this entail?
packaging
use of the product
updates and maintenance
disposal
This type of thinking helps designers consider all possible solutions to provide the best service to the user.
what is the definition of collaboration and why is it important?
working with others for mutal benefit
Designers work together and collaboration occurs between designers, developers, users and stakeholders. It can make projects more complex so sometimes control from one group is needed to ensure success.
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