CNBY 2

Bcl-2 and Bax are apoptotic proteins involved in which pathway?

Intrinsic

Both pathways triggering apoptosis ultimately lead to the cleavage and activation of these proteins, which cleave and break down proteins at separate residues?

Caspases

BRCA1/2 proteins are most known for what function?

Assisting DNA repair

Cancer cells utilize this method of respiration to generate energy/ATP:

Aerobic glycolysis

If you are a tumor, what types of immune cells help you continue to grow and are not harmful to you?

Tregs and MDSCs

Mutations in the promoter region(rather than actual gene coding region) or ______, cause novel transcription factor binding sites and expression of this gene in 90% of cancers.

TERT

The chromosomal translocation (chromosome 9 : chromosome 22) that created a new fusion protein in Chronic myeloid leukemia was discovered by? I.e. who found the missing head of chromosome 22

Janet Rowley

The length of ____ DNA in a cell dictates how many cell generations its progeny can pass through before triggering senescence.

Telomere

These genes (aka hall monitors) regulate and monitor cell cycle progression and also regulate processes to repair DNA damage.

Tumor suppressor genes

This step of the metastatic cascade involves the cell acquiring the means to breaks down the basement membrane and start to migrate and escape the primary mass:

Motility and invasion

This term means “beyond stillness” or “change in equilibrium”

Metastasis

TNF, Fas and TRAILBare all ligands that activate which pathways?

Extrinsic apoptosis

Vogelstein’s cancer landscape mapping helps to visualize and explain which hallmark of cancer?

Genomic instability and mutation

What gene is found on the Philadelphia chromosome?

Bcr-Abl

What gene is unregulated in ~20% of breast cancers and has a extra cellular domain that exposes it outside of the cell, which leaves in vulnerable as cancer drug target?

Her2/Neu

What gene, discovered by Weinberg and Shih, was the first native human oncogene discovered not from a virus that when added to normal cells (as a white powder either DNA bound to Calcium phosphate) caused cells to grow as foci?

Ras

What is the main activator in angiogenesis?

VEGF

What is the term for the dependence of a cancer cell on a specific oncogene for its maintenance?

Oncogene addiction

What model explains the mechanism behind conditions that predispose individuals to an increased risk of cancer?

Two-Hit Hypothesis

What protein accumulates in hypoxia conditions and activates the expression of VEGF?

HIF1a

Which gene is not a tumor suppressor?

Ras

Which syndrome includes a family history of early onset of cancers ( colon, stomach, endometrial and more), affects ~1 in 300 people and includes mutations in several enzymes involved in DNA repair mechanisms?

Lynch Syndrome

Which syndrome predisposes individuals to increase risk of sarcomas, leukemias, brain tumors, and breast cancer, and commonly includes mutations to p53?

Li-Fraumeni syndrome

Who studied retinoblastoma and conceived the “Two-Hit Hypothesis”?

Alfred Knudson