Alkanes and the Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons

Compounds composed of a carbon and a hydrogen

Alkanes

Hydrocarbon that is made out of only carbon-carbon single bonds

• Methane and Ethane - first two alkane

Line angle formula 

Line - carbon-carbon bond

Vertex - carbon atom

hydrogens are not shown in this formula

Constitution Isomerism 

Constitutional Isomers - compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula 

Alkyl Groups

Substituent group derived from an alkane by removal of a hydrogen atom

• Commonly represented by the symbol R—

• Named by dropping the -ane from the name of the parent alkane and adding the suffix -yl

Cycloalkane

Saturated hydrocarbon but with the carbon atoms arranged as rings

cis-trans isomers

cis - same

trans - opposite

Physical Properties (alkanes & cycloalkane)

Alkanes and cycloalkanes almost completely lack of polarity

• Electronegativity between carbon and hydrogen is 2.5 - 2.1 = 0.4 NONPOLAR

• Alkanes IMF is London dispersion

Alkene and Alkyne 

• Alkene is carbon-carbon double bond

• Alkyne is carbon-carbon triple bond 

Aromatic Compounds

Compounds that contain benzene rings

Aromatic Compounds with a common name

• widely used before the introduction of systematic method