IGCSE PE Skill Acquisition

Number of stages of learning a new skill

3

Cognitive stage

-Known as the understanding phrase

-Performer is inconsistent, clumsy and make a lot of mistakes

-Fully rely on external feedback from coach

Associative stage

-Performer becomes more consistent

-Built up simple skills into complex skills and have fewer mistakes

-Start to have kinesthetic feedback, which is internal feedback

Autonomous stage

-Final stage of learning

-Performer has become consistent and effective, perform skills with consistency and fluency

-It becomes anesthetically pleasing

Factors that can affect learning

-Age

-Maturity

-Motivation

-Facilities

-Arousal levels

Number of different continuums skills can classed into

3

Different continuums

-Open and close

-Fine and gross

-Complex and simple

Open skills

-Open skills are constantly adapted or can be changed during game play

-Environment is not under performer's control

-Factors that could affect performance could be weather, surface and opponents.

Closed Skills

-Close Skills are fairly fixed, practiced over and over again

-Performer is in control of environment, e.g. serving in table tennis.

-But, not all close skills are fixed, some have to be adapted, for example when taking a penalty in football, factors that could affect performance is the goalkeeper and fans.

Fine skills

-Only require small muscle movement

-Usually precise and well-detailed

-Require good hand-eye coordination, e.g. snooker

Gross skills

-Require large muscle movements

-Not always precise movements, e.g. Weight lifting

Basic Skills

-Only needs simple movement, little concentration and thought, e.g. throwing a baseball

Complex skills

-Requires a lot of concentration and thought

-Movements are extremely complex

-Has to be practiced over and over again, e.g. synchronized swimming

Arousal

State of readiness and alertness

When arousal is too low or too high, performance is...

Poor

Performance is optimum, when arousal is...

Medium/appropriate level

What is being pumped into your bloodstream, when you feel scared?

Adrenaline

Adrenaline causes what to happen in your body?

-Heart beats faster

-Blood vessels in the gut constrict shunts more blood to the muscles

-An increase of oxygen and glucose to make sure muscles are working at optimum level.

What can cause under arousal?

-Tiredness

-Overworking yourself the day before

What are the effects of under arousal?

Lack of concentration

What causes overarousal?

-Having too much excitement, Anxiety

What are the effects of the overarousal?

-Lack of concentration

-Over-aggressive, poor decision making

Anxiety

The negative emotional state that results in negative physical (sweating, shaking and feeling sick) and mental behaviours (such as constant worry and doubt)

What are the 2 types of symptoms of anxiety?

Somatic and Cognitive

Somatic anxiety

Physical responses for example:

-Dry mouth

-Sweaty palms

-Nervous, muscular tremors, feeling sick

Cognitive anxiety

Mental responses for example:

-Fear

-Confusion

-Low Confidence

Causes of Anxiety

External: peer/ family pressure and social media

Internal: Injuries, fatigue and perceived importance of competition

deep breathing

-When the performer should fill lungs with air deeply and slowly to decrease heart rate and reduce energy usage.

Mental rehearsal

-Imagining entire performance

-Foreshadowing that you'll do well, so increases confidence and lowers anxiety

Visualization

Imaging a snapshot of successful performance

Visualization, mental rehearsal and mental meditation is use to control...

Anxiety levels