Unit 4: Electric Circuits

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31 Terms

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Electric Current

The continuous flow of charge in a circuit, measured in amperes (A).

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Average Current

Iavg = change in charge/change in time

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Battery

A battery is a device that maintains an electric potential difference between the two terminals.

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Voltage

The electric potential difference between two points in a circuit, measured in volts (V).

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Ohm’s Law

V = IR

  • R is the resistance in the circuit.

  • V is the potential difference in the circuit

  • I is the electric current

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Resistance

It is the impedance to the flow of electricity through a material. Asa charge moves through a material, it eventually hits a non-moving nucleus in the material.

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Equivalent Resistance

The resulting resistance when two or more resistors are combined in a circuit.

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Resistors in Series

Resistors arranged sequentially in a circuit, resulting in a total resistance equal to the sum of individual resistances.

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Resistivity

It can be thought of as the density of nuclei the electrons may strike.

R = ρ l / A

  • R = resistance of the circuit

  • ρ = resistivity

  • l = length

  • A = cross-sectional area

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low resistivity

conductors

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high resistivity

insulators

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Resistors in Parallel

Resistors arranged in branches in a circuit, resulting in a total resistance less than the smallest individual resistance.

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Ammeter

A device with low resistance used to measure electric current in a circuit.

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Power Dissipation

The power dissipated by a circuit component, calculated as the product of current and voltage:P = VI.

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Voltmeter

A device used to measure the electric potential difference in a circuit.

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Ohm's Law

The relationship between potential difference (V), current (I), and resistance (R) in a circuit:V = IR.

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Capacitance

C = QV

  • C = refers to the capacitance that we measure in farads

  • Q = refers to the equal charge that we measure in coulombs

  • V = refers to the voltage that we measure in volts

  • Besides, there is another formula that appears like this:

  • C = kε0Ad

    • C = refers to the capacitance

    • K = refers to the relative permittivity

    • ε0 = refers to the permittivity of free space

    • A = refers to the surface area of the plates

    • d = refers to the distance between places measured

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Capacitors in parallel

Cp = C1 + C2

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Capacitors in series

1/Cs = 1/C1 + 1/C2

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Name three possible energy sources for a circuit

  • Battery

  • Photoelectric cell

  • Generator

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What will happen to the charges in a circuit when a switch is closed?

The charges will flow through the circuit.

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What will happen to the charges in a circuit when a switch is open?

The circuit is broken and the charges stop flowing through the circuit.

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What is the standard voltage per branch in a home in the United States?

120V

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A switch that automatically opens if the current is too high is a ________________

Circuit Breaker

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The symbol used to represent resistance in a schematic diagram is

The symbol used to represent resistance in a schematic diagram is

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When two light bulbs are connected in series, the

same amount of current always flows through each bulb

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When resistors are put in parallel with each other their overall resistance is

smaller than the resistance of any of the resistors

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As more lamps are put into a series circuit, the overall current in the circuit

decreases

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As more lamps are put into a parallel circuit, the overall current in the circuit

increases

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When one light bulb in a parallel circuit containing several light bulbs burns out, the other light bulbs

burn the same as before

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Electrical devices in our homes are connected in

parallel