Anatomy Skeletal System

She may or may not all be correct, we tried :)

Axial

Core of the skull: head, neck, trunk

Appendicular

Connects limbs/bones to head (also pectoral girdle and pelvic girdle)

Epiphysis

Ends of the long bones

Diaphysis

Shafts of long bones

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells

Osteoblasts

(build) creates osteocytes

Osteoclasts

(consume) bone resorption

Ossification

Process where bones first form as hyaline cartilage, then gradually change into bone tissue

How many adult bones?

206 bones

Shoulder/pelvis

Ball & Socket

Elbow/knee

Hinge

Phalanges

Saddle

Lower arm

Pivot

Foreman

Openings in skull for nerves and blood vessels

Fontanels

“Soft spots” of infant’s skull

Lubricants

Cartilage and synovial fluid

Vertebraes

Cervical → Thoracic → Lumbar

Disorder: Bone spurs (Osteophytes)

Body grows small projections on edges of bones

Disorder: Plantar fasciitis

Inflammation of plantar fascia, common cause of heel pain, painful walking

Disorder: Osteoporosis

Increased activity of osteoclasts cause a fragile bone. Spongy bone especially becomes more porous

Disorder: Rickets

Deficiency of vitamin D. Causes weak, brittle bones that fracture easily and affect growth

Disorder: Rheumatoid arthritis

Autoimmune disease that causes joint stiffness and bone deformity

Fracture: Spiral

Bone twisted opposite way and splits clean

Fracture: Transverse

Cracked horizontally down the middle of bone

Fracture: greenstick

Cracked on the side surface of bone

Fracture: Oblique/nondisplaced

Sideways crack in bone

Fracture: compound/displaced

Sideways split in bone, cuts bone into 2

Fracture: comminuted

Fully horizontally split open in middle of bone

Fracture: linear

Vertical crack on surface of bone

Canaliculi

Tiny canals link to osteocytes

Volkman’s Canal

idk what it is but it’s something