PHARMACOLOGY

What are ACE Inhibitors used for?

Treat high blood pressure and heart failure.

List two examples of ACE Inhibitors.

Lisinopril, Enalapril.

What is angioedema?

Sudden swelling of lips, face, throat (emergency).

What do ACE Inhibitors block to lower blood pressure?

They block the ACE enzyme to prevent vasoconstriction.

What are common side effects of ACE Inhibitors?

Dry cough, hyperkalemia, and angioedema.

What should be monitored in patients taking ARBs?

Blood pressure (BP) and potassium levels (K+).

What is the purpose of Beta Blockers?

To slow the heart rate and lower blood pressure.

What is bradycardia?

Heart rate less than 60 beats per minute.

What is a major concern when administering calcium channel blockers?

They can cause edema and hypotension.

What should patients avoid while taking calcium channel blockers?

Grapefruit juice, because it increases drug levels.

What effect do loop diuretics have on potassium levels?

They can cause hypokalemia (low potassium).

What is a classic sign of Digoxin toxicity?

Yellow/green vision.

What is the antidote for Heparin?

Protamine sulfate.

What is a common purpose of blood thinners?

To prevent blood clots.

What should patients taking Warfarin be advised about regarding dietary greens?

Avoid leafy greens or keep intake consistent.

What is a major risk associated with antiplatelet medications?

Increased risk of bleeding.

What is the onset time for Rapid insulin like Lispro?

15 minutes.

What condition can Metformin lead to if not monitored properly?

Lactic acidosis.

What is a significant side effect of opioids?

Respiratory depression.

What is the purpose of Benzodiazepines?

Used for anxiety and seizures.

What must be avoided to prevent hypertensive crisis in patients taking MAOIs?

Tyramine foods like aged cheese and processed meats.

What is the effect of steroids on blood sugar?

They can cause high blood sugar.

How should Levothyroxine be taken?

In the morning on an empty stomach.