Biology Final

Diploid Cells

Two complete sets of chromosomes used for growth and repair. Makes up most cells in body and divides by mitosis.

Haploid Cells

One complete set of chromosomes used for sexual reproduction. Half the amount in diploid cells found in the gametes.

When does DNA replicate

In the S phase of the cell cycle before cells divide.

Where does DNA replicate

In the nucleus of a cell. After this, mitosis or meiosis in the cytoplasm.

Products of Meiosis

4 haploid cells containing half the chromosomes as original diploid cell.

Process of Meiosis

2 rounds of cell division. 1st the homologous chromosomes separate. 2nd the sister chromatids separate.

Fertilization

The sperm and egg as haploids merge to form a diploid and restore full chromosome number.

Gene

segment of DNA that codes for a trait or protein, an instruction for a characteristic

Allele

version of a gene. The eye color gene has alleles for brown, blue, and green

Helicase

Unzips double helix

Primase

builds short RNA primers

DNA Polymerase

adds new nucleotides to build the new strand

RNA

A copy of DNA, it only has one helix, made up of ribose

mRNA

Copies the gene to make proteins

tRNA

Carries amino acids to the ribosome