Fractures and Musculoskeletal Disorders in Pediatrics

Flashcards that cover key concepts related to fractures and musculoskeletal disorders in pediatrics.

Growth plates

Structures in the metaphysis area that produce new bone cells for long bone growth in children.

Complications of fractures in children

Fractures that go through the growth plate can affect bone growth, leading to discrepancies in limb length.

Neurovascular assessment

A specific kind of assessment relevant for patients with musculoskeletal injuries to monitor pain, pulses, pallor, paresthesias, and paralysis.

Reduction of fractures

The process of positioning fracture fragments for proper healing; can be external (manipulation) or internal (surgery).

Compound fracture

A type of fracture where bone fragments are exposed through the skin.

Simple fracture

A fracture where there is no skin involvement.

X-ray

The most common diagnostic test ordered to evaluate a suspected fracture.

Compartment syndrome

A serious condition caused by increased pressure within a muscle compartment, leading to pain and potential tissue death.

Fat embolism

A complication of fracture when fat globules from bone marrow enter the bloodstream, potentially causing respiratory distress.

Osteomyelitis

A bacterial infection within the bone marrow cavity, often requiring IV antibiotics and sometimes surgical intervention.

Clubfoot

A rigid deformity of the ankles or feet in a newborn that is treated with serial casting.

Scoliosis

A lateral curvature of the spine commonly seen during rapid growth periods in adolescence.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

An inherited disorder leading to progressive muscle weakening and loss primarily affecting boys.

Ewing sarcoma

A type of bone cancer that can affect both long bones and irregularly shaped bones and tends to metastasize.

Osteosarcoma

A type of bone cancer that typically involves long bones and is treated with chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery.

Cerebral palsy

A term referring to brain damage resulting in issues with movement, coordination, and posture, often requiring supportive care.

Baclofen

A skeletal muscle relaxant used to manage muscle spasticity in conditions like spastic cerebral palsy.

Selective dorsal rhizotomy

A surgical procedure to relieve spasticity by cutting specific nerve roots.

Botox

A treatment used in children with cerebral palsy to help alleviate muscle contractures and spasms.

Growth plates

Structures in the metaphysis area that produce new bone cells for long bone growth in children.

Complications of fractures in children

Fractures that go through the growth plate can affect bone growth, leading to discrepancies in limb length.

Neurovascular assessment

A specific kind of assessment relevant for patients with musculoskeletal injuries to monitor pain, pulses, pallor, paresthesias, and paralysis.

Reduction of fractures

The process of positioning fracture fragments for proper healing; can be external (manipulation) or internal (surgery).

Compound fracture

A type of fracture where bone fragments are exposed through the skin.

Simple fracture

A fracture where there is no skin involvement.

X-ray

The most common diagnostic test ordered to evaluate a suspected fracture.

Compartment syndrome

A serious condition caused by increased pressure within a muscle compartment, leading to pain and potential tissue death.

Fat embolism

A complication of fracture when fat globules from bone marrow enter the bloodstream, potentially causing respiratory distress.

Osteomyelitis

A bacterial infection within the bone marrow cavity, often requiring IV antibiotics and sometimes surgical intervention.

Clubfoot

A rigid deformity of the ankles or feet in a newborn that is treated with serial casting.

Scoliosis

A lateral curvature of the spine commonly seen during rapid growth periods in adolescence.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

An inherited disorder leading to progressive muscle weakening and loss primarily affecting boys.

Ewing sarcoma

A type of bone cancer that can affect both long bones and irregularly shaped bones and tends to metastasize.

Osteosarcoma

A type of bone cancer that typically involves long bones and is treated with chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery.

Cerebral palsy

A term referring to brain damage resulting in issues with movement, coordination, and posture, often requiring supportive care.

Baclofen

A skeletal muscle relaxant used to manage muscle spasticity in conditions like spastic cerebral palsy.

Selective dorsal rhizotomy

A surgical procedure to relieve spasticity by cutting specific nerve roots.

Botox

A treatment used in children with cerebral palsy to help alleviate muscle contractures and spasms.

What is the primary function of growth plates?

The primary function of growth plates is to enable longitudinal growth of long bones, contributing to a child's increase in height.

What is the most common type of scoliosis?

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis is the most common type, typically observed during rapid growth periods in adolescence.