FINALS REVIEW SEM. 1, (ITR) INTRO TO RAD

this does not include things that I consider fully retained/common sense. this also does not include pharmacology classifications/med emergency symptoms.

Role of rad tech in history taking (AIDET)

Role of rad tech in history taking (AIDET)

A)cknowledge-warmly greet

I)ntroduce- introduce self and technologist

D)uration- how long procedure takes

E)xplain procedure, gather history

T)hank for coming

3 essential qualities for open dialogue

Respect

Genuineness

Empathy

Define subjective data

precieved by individual, like pain or severity

define objective data

senses; signs that can be seen/heard, felt, and visible on labs

Techniques for history taking questioning

Open ended questions- non-directive/leading

Facilitation- nod, encourage elaboration

Silence- give pt time to remember, facilitates accuracy

Probing questions- focuses interview, provides detail

Repitition- clarifies information

Summarization- verifies accuracy

Sacred Seven of history taking

Localization- precise area

Chronology- duration since onset, frequency, and course of symptoms

Quality- color, consistancy, type of cough, ect.

Severity- intensity, quantity, extent of pain

Onset- what happened when illness began

Aggrivating/Alieviating factors- what makes it better/ worse

Associated manifestations- what symptoms accompany another

C/O

complains of

DJD

Degenerative Joint Disease

DM

Diabetes Mellitus

FB

Foreign body

HA

headache

IBD

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

MVA

Motor vehicle accident

RA

Rhumatoid Arthritis

Stages of dying (DABDA)

Denial

Anger

Bargaining

Depression

Acceptance

Necessary qualities of a caring RT

Empathy- recognize and understand emotions

Personal Drives- help people, work with people, make a difference, think critically, demonstrate creativity, achieve results

Maslows Hierarchy of needs (P.S. I Love You)

5. self actualization

   4. esteem needs

      3. love needs/belongingness

         2. safety needs

            1. physiological needs

Initial assessment

chart/procedure request

Secondary Assessment

usually verbal, includes history

Verbal communication methods (MSC RCF)

Message

Source

Channel

Reciever

Context

Feedback

Non-verbal communication methods (PBT)

Paralanguage- pitch, tone, pauses

Body touch- extremeties during conversation

Touch- several methods

Kinds of touch (PEE)

Palpation

Emotional support

Emphasis

6 primary emotions

Anger, Joy, Surprise, Disgust, Sadness, Fear

Most basic patient needs

Dignity

Self-Respect

Social distance (most common)

4-12ft

Personal distance

18'“-4ft

Intimate distance

less than 18“

define biometrics

branch of physics that applies laws of mechanics to living things

center of gravity

sacral level two

mobility muscles are ________ and found ______.

white

crossing two or more joints in limbs

stability muscles are ________ and found ______.

red

providing support in torso

signs/symptoms of orthostatic hypotension

slurred speech, dizziness, fainting, blurred vision

cause of orthostatic hypotension

drop in blood pressure when standing too quickly

treatment of orthostatic hypotension

slow breaths, sit up slowly, lie down again slowly

Stand by Assist (bed transfer tehcnique)

wheelchair at 45 degree angle

Assisted standing pivot (bed transfer tehcnique)

block knees and feet, stand patient and pivot to table

Two person lift (bed transfer tehcnique)

stronger person lifts torso, other lifts feet

What is supine

pt flat on back

what is prone

pt face down

what is lateral

lying on side

what is sims position

oblique on side with knee up

what is fowlers position

head higher than feet

what is trendelenburg positioning

head lower than feet

Principles of lifting (Lets Ask In A Kind Notion)

Let

Ask

Inform

Apply

Keep

Never

Irreversible brain damage happens within

6 min

Oxygen is or is not flammable?

Is not, combustion

decreased oxygen tension in blood is called

hypoxemia

a state of oxygen deficiency is called

hypoxia

most sensitive tissues to hypoxia

lungs

liver

brain

heart

high flow systems deliver _______ concentrations

accurate

low flow systems allow for _____ air

room

what kind of oxygen delivery…

nasal cannula

simple face mask

aerosol mask

non-rebreathing mask

low flow

oxytents and oxyhoods allow for additional ______

humidity

insertion of tubular device in hollow organ or cavity

intubation

ET tube placement

1-2 inches superior of tracheal bifurification

Select all indications that could indicate a patient would need an ET tube:

1. need for mechanical ventilation

2. upper Airway obstruction

3. impending gastric reflux or aspiration

4. provisions of tracheobronchial lavage

all of these

are thoracotomy tubes used to drain the inter pleural space and the mediastinum

yes

collection of blood in chest wall/lungs

hemothorax

when a lung collapses partially or completely

atelectasis

total lung collapse

pneumothorax

pus in pleural cavity

empyema

preferred location for a central venous line

superior vena cava

most common site for central venous catheter is the

subclavian vein

body maintenance of heat loss and production is called

thermo-regulation

what body part regulates thermo regulation

hypothalamus

healthy temperature range for the body

96.8-99.8 F

febrile is anything above

99.8 F

hypothermia is ____ common

not

exchange between alveoli and red blood cells in lungs

respiration

volume of air inhaled/exhaled in one cycle

tidal vol.

major muscle of ventillation

diaphragm

normal adult resp. rate

12-20 breaths/min

normal child resp. rate

20-30 breaths/min

tachypnea

rapid breaths, above 20/min

bradypnea

slow breaths, under 12/min

expansions of artery by ejection of blood

pulse

what type of arteries are used for pulse rates

superficial

most common pulse sites

femoral

radial

carotid

least common pulse sites

brachial

popliteal

apical

normal adult pulse rate

60-100 beats/min

normal child pulse rate

70-120 beats/min

normal pulse ox. level

95-100%

force exerted by blood on arterial walls during contraction and relaxation of the heart

BP

blood pressure is read

systolic over diastolic

vital/cardinal signs

BP

P-pulse

T-temp

R-respiration

Sp02- pulse ox.

most common pulse site

radial artery

absence of spontaneous ventillation

apnea

what percent of oxygen maintains homeostasis

21%

uses of central venous lines

drugs administration

managing fluid vol.

blood analysis

transfusions

monitor cardiac pressure

the water seal chamber of a chest tube prevents ______ air from entering

room

in v-tach the BPM exceeds

100

v-fib is/are _____ in the heart muscle

quivers/twitches

a buildup of fluid between the tissues around the lungs is called

pleural effusion

4 types of pathogens

bacteria

viruses

fungi

protozoan parasites

absence of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms

asepsis

define infection

growth of microorganisms within host

define disease

infection results in injury/damage to host

establishment of infection diseases

ENCOUNTER

ENTRY

SPREAD

MULTIPLICATION

DAMAGE

OUTCOME

vector is a ____ carrier

living

fomite is an ____

object