Freshwater Key Terms

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aqueduct

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40 Terms

1

aqueduct

channels&/ or pipes built and used to carry water from a source location to a location of usage

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2

conservation

using less of a resource so it will not used up

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3

flood

occurs when the discharge of a stream is greater than the stream channel can carry and the water overflows the stream banks

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4

infiltration

process of water seeping into the ground

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5

condensation

the change of water vapor into liquid water droplets

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6

recharge rate

how fast water from precipitation and runoff infiltrates into and refill an aquifer

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7

water table

boundary that separates the zone of aeration and saturation; the level to which a well must be drilled in order to obtain groundwater

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8

runoff

water that flows over the land rather than seeping unto the ground

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9

well

a hole drilled or dug down below the water table from which water is moved to the surface

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10

karst topography

areas with many sinkholes and few running surface streams due to limestone, dolomite, marble and gypsum bedrock

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11

tributary

a smaller stream that flows into a larger stream

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12

divide

imaginary line separates the watershed of one stream from the watershed of another stream

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13

floodplain

broad, flat area along the sides of a stream that may be covered by water during times of high water

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14

ground water

water in cracks and pores spaces in soil, regolith, & rock below Earths surface

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15

wetland

area of land that is covered with shallow water during part of all of the year

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16

discharge

volume of water in a stream flowing past a certain point in a given unit of time

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17

evaporation

the change of liquid into water vapor

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18

transpiration

evaporation of water from plants

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19

zone of aeration

region above the water table in which the pore spaces are filled with water and air

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20

reservoir

a man made lake

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21

irrigation

supplying water to areas of dry land to make them more suitable for growing crops

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22

artesian well

well that flows on its own without being pumped

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23

aquifer

a porous and permeable layer of soil, regolith of rock from which ground water can be pumped

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24

spring

place where water flows out of the ground

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25

eutrophication

process in which lakes and ponds become rich in nutrients from the surrounding watershed causing algae growth and depletion of oxygen

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26

permeability

the ability of a substance to permit water to pass through it

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27

lake

a depression in the surface materials of a landscape that holds water

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28

pore spaces

empty spaces in the bedrock and soil that can be filled with air or water

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29

cavern

type of underground passage hat forms when groundwater dissolves limestone, dolomite, marble or gypsum

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30

desalination

removal of salt from saltwater in order to make the water usable

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31

impermeable

substance that water cannot pass through

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32

nonpoint source

widely spread source of pollution that can not be tied to a specific point of origin

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33

zone of saturation

region below the water table in which the pore spaces are completely filled with water

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34

porosity

the amount of pore spaces in soil or rock

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35

sink hole

depression on the surface cause by collapse of a ceiling of a shallow cavern

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36

precipitation

rain, hail, snow, sleet

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37

point source

specific source of pollution that can be identified

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38

cone of depression

region around a well in which the water table is Iowered due to rapid removal of water from the zone of saturation

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39

water cycle

the movement of water between plants and animals, the atmosphere, and the Earths surface and underground

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40

water shed

an area that is drained by a river or system of rivers, a drainage basin

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