Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Flashcards covering key vocabulary from the lecture on Anatomy, Physiology, Characteristics of Life, Vital Signs, Survival Needs, Homeostasis, and Levels of Organization.

Anatomy

Science dealing with the structure (form and arrangement) of body parts.

Physiology

Science dealing with the functions of the body parts.

Movement

A necessary life function involving change in position, or motion of internal parts.

Responsiveness (Irritability)

A necessary life function referring to the ability to sense events and to react to them.

Growth

A necessary life function defined as an increase in body size or part without changing shape, due to an increase in cell number or cell size.

Reproduction

A necessary life function involving the process of making a new individual, or division of a single cell into two daughter cells.

Respiration

A necessary life function involving obtaining oxygen, using oxygen to release energy from foods, and removing wastes.

Digestion

A necessary life function by which food is chemically changed into simpler forms that can be used by the body.

Absorption

A necessary life function involving the passage of digestive products through the digestive organs and into the body fluids.

Circulation

A necessary life function involving the movement of substances through the body in the body fluids.

Metabolism

All physical and chemical changes that occur within the body, including all chemical reactions within the cells and changing substances into chemically different forms.

Excretion

A necessary life function involving removing body wastes from the body, which can occur through the digestive, urinary, or respiratory systems.

Maintain Boundaries

A necessary life function ensuring the internal environment is distinct from the external environment.

Vital Signs

Indicators of metabolic activities, including Body Temperature, Blood Pressure, Pulse (rate and type), and Respiration (rate and type); their absence indicates death.

Water (Survival Need)

Used for metabolic reactions and transports substances within the body.

Food (Nutrients) (Survival Need)

Supplies energy and materials for metabolic reactions.

Oxygen (Survival Need)

Releases energy from food, driving metabolic reactions.

Heat (Survival Need)

A byproduct of metabolic reactions that helps control the rates of reactions.

Pressure (Survival Need)

Helps in breathing and blood movements.

Homeostasis

The tendency to maintain a stable internal environment (e.g., body temperature, blood pressure, blood sugar level).

Cell

The basic unit of structure and function in the human organism.

Levels of Organization

The hierarchical arrangement of body structures from simplest to most complex: Atoms, Molecules, Macromolecules, Organelles, Cell, Tissue, Organs, Organ Systems, Organism.