Studied by 0 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
What is problematic?
case of milk let down in nursing mothers, scarey music in film
What is counterconditioning?
present the CS, withhold the UCS and introduce a new response that is incompatible with the CR, the case of little Albert
What is the key point for instrumental conditioning?
Began with work by Edward Thorndike in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Studied cats learning in puzzle boxes. He found that with practice cats made fewer mistakes over time and took less time to solve problems
What two laws did Edward Thorndike develop?
-Law of effect
-Law of exercise
What is the law of effect?
a response that brings about satisfaction in a certain stimulus will be strengthened
What is the law of exercis?
a stimulus response connection is strengthened with repetition
What is instrumental conditioning?
Operant conditioning in which a change in behavior (learning) brought about by the consequences of behavior
The instrumental conditioning behaviors tend to be under voluntary control
True
What does instrumental conditioning contrast with?
Classical conditioning where learning is primarily associations between objects and a reflex is involved
Who did much work in instrumental learning?
B.F. Skinner
What did B.F. Skinner change the name of operant conditioning to?
to instrumental conditioning
Why did he change the name of operant conditioning to instrumental conditioning?
because the learner’s behavior operates on the environment to bring about some change that brings a reward
What is Skinner box?
especially designed to study operant conditioning. Learning was measured by noting the changes in the characteristics of responding: response latency, frequency and rate
What is the key word for positive reinforcement?
adding
What is the key word for negative reinfrcement?
removing
What is reinforcement?
a consequence of behavior that decreases the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated
What is punishment?
A consequence of behavior that decreases the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated
What is an example of positive reinforcement?
animal receives something it wants ( e.g., food)
What is an example of negative reinforcement?
an aversive condition is removed (e.g., pain)
What is an example of positive punishment?
an aversive condition is received (e.g., a shock)
What is an example of negative punishment?
an desired condition is removed (e.g., tv)
What are the reinforcement schedules?
-Continuous
-Partial
What is the continuous reinforcement schedule?
ratio of behavior to consequence is 1:1
What is partial reinforcement schedules?
ratio of behavior is not 1:1
What are the four types of partial reinforcement schedules?
-Fixed interval
-Variable interval
-Fixed Ratio
-Variable Ratio
start at four types of partial reinforcement schedules
