ART 111 Exam 2-SIUE-Prof. Danny Holder

media or mediums

the materials artists use to make art

drawing

any implement running over a surface leaving a race of gesture - making marks.

dry media

metal point/graphite/charcoal/pastels/chalk

wet media

ink applied with a pen or a brush

sketch, plans or studies, finished works

3 categories of drawing

sketch

a visual notation of an idea

study or plan

a preparatory drawing done with the intent to execute in a different media (sometimes the final version)

finished work

a drawing that makes a complete finished statement (in the view of the artist)

stylus

metal made into a rod with a point on one end

metal point or silver point

done on a prepared ground. cannot erase

graphite

soft creates dark marks while hard creates light marks. can be smudged to create tone

charcoal

carbon - can also be smudged

tooth

the texture and softness of the paper which allows the media being used to stick or stay on the surface

fixative

a chemical spray that fixes or attaches the medium to the paper

pastels

colored chalk

reed pen or quill pen

different types of pens

it cannot be erased

disadvantage of ink

using a "wash" or ink diluted with water

how can tone be created with ink

encaustic, fresco, tempera, oil, acrylic, watercolor, gouache

7 categories of types of painting

encaustic

pigment mixed with a wax

fresco

pigment mixed with limewater and plaster

tempera

pigment mixed with egg yolk

oil

pigment mixed with linseed oil

acrylic

pigment mixed with plastic

watercolor

pigment mixed with water

gouache

watercolor with white chalk

buon fresco

applied while the plaster is wet

fresco secco

applied after the plaster has dried

paint on walls

purpose of fresco

dries quickly

disadvantage of encaustic

lasts long, vibrant, luminous

advantage of encaustic

not permanent and dries in 24 hours

advantages of fresco

tempera

can be applied translucent or opaque

gesso

applied to painting surface before the paint (primer)

very permanent since egg yolk dries very hard

advantage of tempera

slow process because there is a lot of layers.. and some colors do not mix with egg yolk

disadvantage of tempera

oil painting

which is the most versatile of all the mediums of painting

acrylic dries faster, easier to clean up, not as messy, and can paint on paper unlike oil

advantages/disadvantages of acrylic vs oil

really isn't a white pigment for watercolor

disadvantage of water color

the paper

what is the white parts of paintings using water color?

makes it more opaque

what does the white chalk do it gouache

powdered form

how does pigment start?

vehicle/medium/binder

what is the thing called that you mix with the pigment to create the different types of painting

support

the surface that pigment mixed with a binder is applied too

true

support is usually primed first (t or f)

relief printing

created by removing part of the matrix and the print is created by what is left behind

woodcuts or linocuts

color prints made by producing multiple blocks - one for each color and printed one color at a time

registration

aligning the blocks onto the paper

matrix

the original surface that the image is made on

limited edition prints

prints signed and numbered by the artist and produced in "limited" numbers

open edition prints

prints are not signed or numbered

relief, intaglio, lithography, silkscreen or serigraph, monoprints

5 processes of printmaking

intaglio

images are made by what is cut away from matrix, not by what is left behind

engraving

intaglio on either wood or metal, the tool is pushed across the surface

drypoint

intaglio type; tool is dragged across surface to create lines, NOT pushed, line is not as sharp as engraving, not as clean as engraving lines

etching

intaglio type; lines are created chemically in engraving, incised lines are created by force, metal

lithography

meaning "stone-writing" planographic method meaning that the matrix remains flat. It is only possible bc grease and water don't mix, created originally on flat pieces of limestone

silkscreen

process is like creating a stencil. areas the artist does not want printed are masked out, ex. tshirts

monoprint

you usually get only one good image. Image is created on any flat surface using ink or paint then paper or any other material is place on top- pressure is applied to transfer the image from original surface (matrix) to new surface bc no method has been created to preserve image multiple images are not possible.

planographic

method meaning that the matrix remains flat. it is only possible bc grease and water don't mix

subtractive and additive

2 types of sculpture

subtractive (carving)

carving for example where artists start with a material and removes unwanted material to achieve final form - example, stone - no undoing

additive (modeling, casting, constructed, assemblage)

material is built up into a final form (type of sculpture)

sculpture in the round

you can walk around the sculpture, multiple vantage points

low relief or BAS relief

suddenly projected sculpture

high-relief

deeper projected sculpture

armatrue

the skelaton

modeling

an additive process. taking a soft pliable material and building/shaping it into a form

lost wax casting

process to turn soft material like clay or wax into a more permanent material like metal. molded into wax and then covered with clay, then fired (melting away the wax and hardening the clay), and the resulting hardened mold is filled with molten metal

constructed sculpture

artists take a material and bend, cut, twist, reshape it into new forms

assemblage sculpture

takes found materials or objects and puts them together to create new forms

mixed media

20th century phenomena which grew out of the practice of collages. artists way to break down barriers between the traditional mediums of drawing/painting/sculpture

installations

incorporate sculptureal forms into an interior space

earthworks

incorporates exterior space into the work. example: stonehenge

performance art/body art

the artists body and the actions of the artist become the work

daguerreotype

one of the earliest forms of photography made on copper plate polished with silver

solarization

the technique used by a photographer who was experimenting with or manipulating the developing process so that the printed photographs had areas that printed in reverse in terms of the darks and lights.

Camera obscura

a small hole on the side of a light-tight room that admits a ray of light that projects a scene, upside down, directly across from the hole onto a white wall

Louis Daguerre

teamed with Niepce to refine the process of camera obscura then took over when Niepce died, created daguerreotype

Joseph Niepce

produced the first known photograph

D.W. Griffith

Birth of a Nation (beginning of the way we film today) created "Narrative Editing" which was very controversial

Orson Welles

"Citizen Kane" invented fade in/fade out and the use of time other than linearly. like in Citizen Kane, it starts at the end of his life rather than the beginning

zoogyroscope

device that projects a series of the images.. it has a wheel and a crank to spin the wheel to see the image through a view finder, origin of modern film

stroboscopic motion

still images projected rapidly to represent the illusion of movement. 22-26 frames per second in a film

Narrative editing

takes a lot of pictures from different angles and puts them together

comedy, propaganda, satire, social commentary, fantasy, and symblism

6 categories of film

topography

architecture that has the features of the local environment

technology

architecture that has materials and knowledge available at a given time in history

topography and technology

two factors of architecture

shell and skeleton and skin

two systems of architecture

shell

one material provides support and acts as outer covering

skeleton and skin

one material provides support and a different material provides the outer covering

load bearing, lintel and post, arches and domes, cast iron construction, suspension, frame construction, steel and reinforced concrete

7 forms of construction

load bearing

stacking materials, ex. pyramid or sizzorots

lintel and post

a system of building in which two posts support a crosspiece that spans the distance between them

arches and domes

much stronger than post and lintel weight gets distributed outward

voussoir

wedges in an arch

keystone

piece directly in the center of an arch

dome

arch in 360 degrees

pointed arch

an arch that is not semicircle but rises more steeply to a point at its top