History Unit 5

What was the idea that America had a God given right to expand westward?

Manifest Destiny

What was the famous site where a group of Texas settlers were killed during the Mexican War?

The Alamo

This man became the first President of the independent Texas Republic

Sam Houston

What Native American tribe originally ruled over the land that became Texas?

Comanches

What was one of three differences that white settlers had with the Mexican government in Texas?

1. Different language

2. Different religion

3. Legality of slavery

What was the name of a person who moved to California to try to find gold?

Forty-Niner

What government act promised settlers cheap land out west to try and establish farms?

Homestead Act

What event marked the end of the Indian Wars in 1890?

Battle/Massacre at Wounded Knee

What was significant about New England during the Industrial Revolution?

It was where the early mills and factories were located in the U.S.

What was the movement to outlaw slavery called?

Abolitionist Movement

What event started a large slave uprising in Virginia?

Turner’s Rebellion

Harriet Tubman led escaped slaves on this route:

Underground Railroad

What was the movement to outlaw slavery called?

Abolitionist Movement

What event started a large slave uprising in Virginia?

Turner’s Rebellion

What U.S. general was famously killed by Crazy Horse at the Battle of Little Bighorn?

Custer

“Kill the Indian, save the man” is a phrase used to describe what term?

Assimilation 

Cowboys from Mexico were called: 

Vaqueros

What natural border is the current border between the United States and Mexico?

Rio Grande

Who was the President of Mexico during the Texas Revolution?

Santa Anna

What area did Mormon settlers eventually settle and build a community in out west?

Salt Lake/Salt Lake City

What city did the Oregon Trail start in?

Independence, Missouri

In what mountain range did the Donner Party get trapped in when traveling out west?

Sierra Nevada mountains

Stephen Austin

n 1821, Stephen Austin led the first of several groups to try to settle the land of Texas.

What problems did Steven Austin face when moving settlers to Texas:

However, there were a few problems:

1. Tejas was already the northernmost state under Mexico

2. The Comanche tribe ruled over the area.

Mission System

Under Spanish Rule→ Settlers try to convert Native Americans to Catholicism

Presidios

Fortified churches 

Under Mexican Rule

Mexico gains independence from Spain

Under Mexican Rule (2)

inds it hard to govern Texas all the way from Mexico City→ Mexico invited American settlers to try and settle in Texas by selling cheap land.

What disagreements happened with the Mexican Government

1. Spoke English instead of Spanish

2. Majority Protestant instead of Catholic

3. Brought along slaves even though slavery was illegal in Mexico

Fighting Begins

Austin petitioned the Mexican President, Santa Anna, for independence.

Instead, Santa Anna had Austin arrested, and marched the Mexican army north where they fought with the American settlers in the Texas Revolution.

The phrase “Remember the Alamo” Comes from:

The Mexican Army famously attacked The Alamo- a fort settled by Americans where all 187 defenders died

Those dead included famous settlers Jim Bowie and Davy Crockett

Sam Houston eventually..

 defeats Mexico and becomes the first President of the independent Republic of Texas

Texas becomes a state

Texas exists as an independent country from 1836-1845

Sam Houston invited the U.S. to annex (incorporate) Texas into the United States as a slave state.

Southerners happy, Northerners mad, Mexico furious at the U.S.

What did President James K. Polk support?

U.S. gaining Texas, and wanted more territory from Mexico

What was the boarder dispute?

Many Americans thought that Texas had all land north of the Rio Grande, while Mexicans claimed Texas started at the Nueces River.

General Zachary Taylor

is sent to the Rio Grande to block the river, angering Mexico

What did Southerners believe about the land?

Southerners- Supported taking Mexican land as it would expand slavery

What did Northeners/Whigs believe about the land?

Northerners/Whigs- Thought America was unjustified in its military actions

When did the Fighting Begin “Mexican War”

Mexican troops eventually crossed the Rio Grande, killing 9 U.S. soldiers

President Polk convinces Congress that Mexico attacked America, and they voted to declare war.

“American blood upon American soil”

New Mexico

New Mexico- Mexicans that willingly joined the U.S. without a fight

California

California- American settlers quickly drive out the Mexican government

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Mexico City to force Mexico into defeat

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo- Mexico gives up all territory north of the Rio Grande, the U.S. pays $15 million for future territories

Gadsden Purchase of 1853

Helped establish the current borders of the U.S.

Smith and his followers: (Mormon Trail)

Smith and his followers were pushed west due to the pushback against their practice of men being allowed to have more than one wife- crime of polygamy

Smith’s succesors

Brigham Young, settled the Mormon followers along the Salt Lake.

Oregon Trail

Oregon Trail- Starting in Independence Missouri, ending in Portland Oregon

The Oregon Treaty (1846)-

established the western border with Canada

“Gold Rush”

The “Gold Rush” was a massive movement of people to California in the hopes of discovering gold and becoming rich

Homestead Act

Homestead Act in 1862:

Any race of settler could get 160 acres of land out west for: 

1) Free land after five years of settling a house and a farm, or 2) Pay $1.25/acre and get the land after 6 months.

The longhorn

 became a valuable asset to the economy out west

Open Range

“Open Range” is the system of letting cattle roam freely regardless of land ownership.

These were managed by the vaqueros (cowboys)

Buffalo

The 1800s saw an increase of white settlers and tourists killing large numbers of buffalo herds, destroying the food, clothing, shelter and fuel of the tribes.

The Dawes Act of 1887

created the modern day reservation system, giving some tribe members private land to farm

The Sioux

The Sioux tribe was one of the tribes struggling to survive on reservations

Their leader, Sitting Bull, was killed while being arrested in 1890

Most Mill workers were

Most early mill workers were females who worked in harsh conditions for low pay.

steam ships

steam ships made it faster and easier to bring goods to markets around the world

Trains

Trains transformed how people moved and received their goods and information

abolitionist movement

the call to outlaw slavery

Fredrick Douglas

Frederick Douglass, a former escaped slave, gave speeches around the north to end slavery and grant freedom to slaves- emancipation

the antebellum period

is the era of the slavery in the South before the Civil War

Turners rebellion

Turner’s Rebellion-  Nat Turner, A slave in Virginia, led a revolt in 1830 that killed 60 slaveholders before he was captured

Underground Railroad

For slaves that wanted to escape to freedom, they would use a series of trails and networks to escape to the North known as the Underground Railroad

Western Economies became:

transitioned from agrarian to manufacturing-based, with increased production, lower prices, and a shift from rural to urban areas, leading to both economic growth and social challenges. 

southern economy

During the Industrial Revolution, the Southern economy remained largely agrarian, heavily reliant on cash crops like cotton, tobacco, and sugar cane, and heavily reliant on slave labor, which contrasted sharply with the industrializing North. 

Impact of the North

the Northern economy shifted towards industry and manufacturing