Ch 10 Lesson 4: Acids, Bases, and Salts

What taste do acids have?

sour

What taste do bases have?

bitter

How do bases usually feel to the touch?

slippery

What gas can form when acids react with metals?

hydrogen gas

What element do all acids contain?

hydrogen

In water what ions make a solution acidic?

extra hydronium ions

In water what ions make a solution basic?

extra hydroxide ions

What is an indicator?

a substance that changes color to show acid or base

Where does litmus dye come from?

lichens

What happens to blue litmus paper in an acid?

it turns red

What happens to red litmus paper in a base?

it turns blue

What does a universal indicator show?

many colors that match different pH values

What does acidity measure?

how strong an acid is

What does alkalinity measure?

how strong a base is

What does pH tell you?

how acidic or basic a solution is

What numbers does the pH scale usually use?

1 to 14

What pH value is neutral?

7

What kind of pH numbers show strong acids?

very low numbers

What kind of pH numbers show strong bases?

very high numbers

What is neutralization?

an acid and a base reacting together

What two products form in neutralization?

salt and water

What salt forms when hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide?

sodium chloride

What is the common name for sodium chloride?

table salt

What decides the shape of a salt crystal?

the repeating pattern of positive and negative ions

Salts are usually made from what two types of ions?

a metal ion plus a nonmetal ion

What is a common texture of salts?

hard and brittle

What is an electrolyte?

a substance that conducts electricity in water

Why are acids bases and salts electrolytes?

they make ions when dissolved

What can strong bases do to hair or food in a drain?

they can dissolve organic material

What prevents stomach acid from harming the stomach?

a mucus coating