Experimental Designs: Within-Subjects and Counterbalancing

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to within-subjects designs and counterbalancing in experimental research.

Within-Subjects Design

A research design in which the same participants are exposed to all treatments or conditions.

Independent Variable (IV)

The variable that is manipulated in an experiment to observe its effect on the dependent variable.

Dependent Variable (DV)

The variable that is measured in an experiment to assess the effects of the independent variable.

Order Effects

Changes in participants' scores due to the order in which treatments are administered.

Counterbalancing

A method to control for order effects by ensuring that every condition appears in every position equally across participants.

Treatment Carryover Effects

When the effect of one treatment persists and influences the outcome of subsequent treatments.

Participant Attrition

The loss of participants during a study, which can impact the validity of the results.

Practice Effects

Improvements in performance resulting from repeated testing rather than from treatment.

Fatigue Effects

Declines in performance due to participants becoming tired or bored during the study.

Matched Subjects Design

A research design that uses different participants for each treatment group but matches individuals across groups based on similar characteristics.

Latin Square

A partial counterbalancing method that ensures each condition appears in each position an equal number of times, often used with multiple treatments.

Within-Subjects ANOVA

A statistical test used to compare means when one group of participants is tested under all conditions.