AP Gov First Chapter 1.1 - 1.9

Which principle of government suggests that all people have rights that cannot be taken away?

natural rights

What does the social contract theory, as advanced by John Locke, suggest?

It is an agreement for people to give up some freedoms to maintain social order.

Which concept is reflected in the idea that government power is derived from the consent of the governed?

Popular Sovereignty

Which of the following describes "limited government"?

The government’s power is limited through structures like separation of powers.

The U.S. Constitution provides a system of checks and balances. What is the purpose of this system?

To limit the influence of each branch over others

Which democratic ideal is expressed in the U.S. Constitution’s preamble under the goal of “establishing justice”?

rule of law

Which philosopher is most closely associated with the idea that life, liberty, and property are fundamental rights?

John Locke

Which governmental principle divides power between national and state governments?

Federalism

What historical document lays the foundation for popular sovereignty in the United States?

The Declaration of Independence

Which form of democracy is based on the election of representatives by the electorate?

representative democracy

Which of the following was an influence on the development of American government from the Iroquois Confederacy?

A system of government among Native peoples

The principle of “no person is above the law” is associated with which democratic ideal?

rule of law

What is the main purpose of the government according to the social contract theory?

To protect people’s natural rights

What is one key characteristic of republicanism?

Representatives are elected to express the will of the people

Which principle ensures that no single branch of government becomes too powerful?

checks and balances

What did the Declaration of Independence assert regarding natural rights?

Natural rights cannot be taken away and are derived from a higher authority.

Which Enlightenment thinker believed that governmental power must be separated to prevent tyranny?

 Baron de Montesquieu

Which founding document provides the blueprint for a unique form of political democracy in the United States?

U.S. Constitution

Which economic system influenced colonial traditions and contributed to the foundations of American government?

Mercantilism

The concept of “securing the blessings of liberty” in the U.S. Constitution refers to what?

Protecting the freedoms and rights of individuals

Which of the following is a key characteristic of a participatory democracy?

Broad participation by citizens in politics and civil society

Which type of democracy emphasizes the influence of a small group of wealthy and powerful individuals in policymaking?

elite democracy

What does pluralist democracy emphasize in terms of political influence?

Activism by non-governmental groups

Which of the following is an example of a participatory democracy in the U.S.?

voting in a state referendum

Which foundational document supports the concept of participatory democracy?*

Brutus No. 1

Which model of democracy does the U.S. Constitution primarily promote through the creation of the Electoral College?

Elite democracy

Which theory of democracy advocates for broad participation from individuals in policy making processes?

Participatory Democracy

In pluralist democracy, who plays a key role in influencing policy decisions?

Non-governmental groups and organizations

Which democratic model does the 1st Amendment's right to freedom of assembly support?

pluralist democracy

Which amendment is an example of participatory democracy expanding suffrage?

15th amendment

Which of the following describes a direct democracy?

People vote directly on policies and laws

Which of the following is an example of elite democracy in the U.S. system?

the electoral college

Which document argues that a large republic will best protect against factions?

Federalist No. 10

Which democratic model focuses on group-based activism to influence policymaking?

pluralist democracy

What was the framers' main concern about establishing a direct democracy in the U.S.?

it would lead to mob rule

The 19th Amendment, which granted women the right to vote, is an example of which model of democracy?

participatory democracy

Which foundational document reflects the fear of too much power being concentrated in the hands of the elite?

Brutus No. 1

Which model of democracy believes that the power of policymaking should be filtered and more controlled by the elite?

elite democracy

Which of the following is NOT an example of participatory democracy in action?

the electoral college

Which of the following is a key criticism of elite democracy?

It limits participation to a small, privileged group.

What concept does the Declaration of Independence emphasize as the source of governmental power?

the people

Natural rights, as mentioned in the Declaration of Independence, are:

Fundamental rights of all humans

What is the primary purpose of a social contract?

to protect the rights of the people

What principle emphasizes the restriction of governmental power by the Constitution?

limited government

Which amendment expanded suffrage to African American males?

15th amendment

What type of democracy emphasizes broad participation in politics and civil society?

participatory democracy

The principle of Republicanism is most closely associated with which type of democracy?

elite democracy

Which amendment lowered the voting age to 18?

26th amendment

What was the main concern of Anti-Federalists regarding the new Constitution?

 It would restrict personal liberties

Brutus No. 1 argued that a large, centralized government would lead to:

loss of liberty

What did Anti-Federalists want to add to the Constitution to protect individual rights?

a bill of rights

Which document is associated with the argument for a large republic to control factions?

Federalist No. 10

Federalists supported a strong central government to:

control factions

Which of the following was NOT a fear of the Anti-Federalists?

States would dominate the federal government

The Bill of Rights protects individual rights from:

federal government abuse

Why was a Bill of Rights not included in the original Constitution?

It was thought unnecessary as Congress couldn’t take away rights

Which type of democracy emphasizes the role of groups in policy-making?

pluralist democracy

The Electoral College is an example of:

elite democracy

Which amendment granted voting rights to all women?

19th amendment

Brutus No. 1 favored:

 A small, decentralized republic

Who wrote under the pen name Brutus in opposition to the Constitution?

The true identity is unknown

What was the primary concern of Brutus No. 1 regarding the U.S. Constitution?

It would destroy state sovereignty and lead to tyranny

Brutus argued that a small republic is preferable because:

It is easier for the government to understand and represent its citizens

Which clause in the Constitution did Brutus believe would give the federal government unlimited power?

The Elastic Clause and Supremacy Clause

According to Brutus, standing armies in a large republic would result in:

Destruction of liberty

Federalist No. 10 argues that a large republic is the best way to control:

Factions

In Federalist No. 10, what is a faction?

A group of citizens united by a common interest adverse to the rights of others

According to Federalist No. 10, which form of government is most effective at controlling factions?

a large republic

Brutus No. 1 is most associated with supporting:

States’ rights and a small, decentralized republic

Federalist No. 10 suggests that the larger a republic becomes, the more difficult it is for:

The majority to oppress the minority

What was the main goal of the Articles of Confederation?

To protect freedoms and prevent a new tyranny

Who is credited as the main author of the Articles of Confederation?

John Dickinson

What type of legislature did the Articles of Confederation establish?

Unicameral

Under the Articles of Confederation, how many votes did each state have in Congress

one vote per state

Which of the following powers was NOT granted to Congress under the Articles of Confederation?

The power to tax the states directly

What was one of the major problems with the Articles of Confederation?

It lacked a national executive to enforce laws

What event highlighted the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation in dealing with internal conflict?

Shays’ Rebellion

Which of the following required unanimous consent under the Articles of Confederation?

Amending the Articles

Why did states retain most powers under the Articles of Confederation?

To preserve state sovereignty and avoid a tyrannical central government

Which of the following was a major economic issue under the Articles of Confederation?

There was a lack of power to enforce national tax laws

Which Article of the U.S. Constitution grants legislative powers to Congress?

Article 1

What is the primary role of the Executive Branch as outlined in the Constitution?

to enforce laws

Which of the following is a power of the Legislative Branch?

declare war

What power does the President hold over Congress in terms of legislation?

the power to veto

What does Federalist No. 51 focus on?

Safeguards against abuse of power

Which branch has the sole power of impeachment?

The House of Representatives

Which power is unique to the Senate in the checks and balances system?

Approve or disapprove presidential appointments

What is one way the Judicial Branch can check the power of Congress?

by declaring laws unconstitutional

In Federalist 51, James Madison argues that the structure of the government should prevent:

Abuse of power by the majority

Separation of Powers refers to:

Governmental powers being assigned to three branches

Checks and Balances primarily deals with:

How branches of government influence each other

One way the Legislative Branch can check the President's power is by:

Overriding a veto with a ⅔ vote

*What is one of the positive implications of Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances?

It allows multiple access points for stakeholders to influence policy

What can be considered a negative outcome of the Separation of Powers?

Potential for gridlock and lack of compromise

What is an example of stakeholders using multiple access points to influence the government?

Meeting with a member of Congress to discuss policies

How can the public influence the Judiciary?

By submitting amicus curiae briefs

Which of the following is a theme addressed by James Madison in Federalist 51?

Limiting governmental power

Why did Madison argue that Congress should be divided into two chambers?

To weaken the power of Congress

What does the term 'access points' refer to in the context of Separation of Powers?

Opportunities for stakeholders to interact with government

How does Checks and Balances protect minority rights according to Madison?

By ensuring the majority cannot overpower minority groups