Results for "Cuban Missile Crisis"

Cold War Crises - Cuban Missile Crisis

The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962

Loie Fuller: The Art of Illusion * Known for her innovative use of fabric, light, and color to create captivating visual illusions in performance. * Her work emphasized the image created rather than the physicality of the dancer's body, marking a shift in performance art. * Patented several costume and set designs, including the iconic Serpentine dress and the glass floor for Fire Dance, showcasing her ingenuity. * Premiered notable works such as The Serpentine (1889) and Fire Dance (1895), which were pivotal in her career. * Succeeded in creating an aesthetic transformation, emphasizing individual interpretation of visual experiences. Isadora Duncan: The Mother of Modern Dance * An eccentric figure who rejected traditional ballet, favoring movement inspired by emotion and nature's rhythms. * While she did not create a new dance technique, she introduced a new motivation for movement, rooted in nostalgia for Ancient Greece. * Her philosophy emphasized that motion should be driven by emotion and expressed through the entire body, leading to a more natural form of dance. * Duncan's choreography was improvisational, focusing on feeling over form, and drew inspiration from her childhood innocence. * Her performances in St. Petersburg (beginning in 1904) inspired contemporaries like Fokine and Nijinsky, influencing the broader dance community. * Left a legacy of natural, emotional dancing, characterized by bare feet and flowing costumes, as seen in works like Ballspiel (1906) and Five Brahms Waltzes. The Denishawn School and Its Legacy Ruth St. Denis and Ted Shawn: Pioneers of Dance * Ruth St. Denis was captivated by exotic and oriental themes, famously inspired by an Egyptian cigarette poster featuring the goddess Isis. * Her dance Radha was a significant work that launched her career, showcasing her understanding of spectacle and audience engagement. * Ted Shawn played a crucial role in introducing men to professional dance, emphasizing powerful and athletic movement. * He founded an all-male dance company, Ted Shawn and His Male Dancers, and was a driving force behind the Denishawn School. * Shawn established Jacob’s Pillow, a significant dance venue in Massachusetts, which remains influential today. * Their collaboration and individual contributions helped shape the landscape of American dance. The Denishawn School: A Foundation for Modern Dance * Established in Los Angeles in 1915, Denishawn was the first dance school in the U.S. to produce a professional company. * The curriculum included a variety of styles, with a typical day comprising stretching, ballet, Oriental dance, and yoga meditation. * The school closed in 1919, but the Denishawn Company continued to tour, becoming the first U.S. company to perform in the Orient in 1925. * The school created a lineage of dancers, including Martha Graham and Doris Humphrey, who would further develop modern dance. * Denishawn's approach combined various techniques, allowing for a diverse exploration of movement and expression. * The legacy of Denishawn is evident in the evolution of modern dance and its emphasis on personal expression. The Big Four: Shaping Modern Dance Doris Humphrey: The Architect of Dance * Studied at Denishawn from 1917 to 1928, where she formed a creative partnership with Charles Weidman. * Known for her movement theory of 'fall and recovery,' which emphasizes the dynamics of balance and gravity in dance. * Established the Humphrey-Weidman Company in 1928, focusing on structure and technique in choreography. * Authored The Art of Making Dances, which codified choreographic design and emphasized ensemble work over solo performance. * Her choreography often explored themes of human experience and emotion, as seen in works like Water Study (1928). * Left a significant impact on modern dance through her innovative techniques and teachings. Martha Graham: The Psychological Pioneer * Studied at Denishawn from 1916 to 1923, where she developed her unique style of modern dance. * Her first concert as an independent artist in 1926 marked the beginning of the 'Heroic Age' of modern dance. * Graham's choreography often drew from psychoanalysis, focusing on the inner emotional landscape and reinterpreting patriarchal narratives. * Developed the Graham Technique, centered on contraction and release, which became the first codified modern dance technique. * Her company is recognized as the first truly modern dance company, celebrating its centennial milestone. * Graham's legacy includes a profound influence on the perception of dance as a serious art form. Ausdruckstanz and Its Influencers Rudolf Laban and Mary Wigman: Movement Innovators * Ausdruckstanz, or 'expressive dance,' emerged as a response to the cultural movements of the early 20th century, paralleling American modern dance. * Rudolf Laban, a movement scientist, developed a system of movement training and Labanotation for dance notation. * Laban's Movement Choirs allowed for structured improvisation, making dance accessible to all, regardless of training. * Mary Wigman, Laban's student, became a leading figure in German dance, known for her harsh and grotesque style. * Wigman's work often explored apocalyptic themes and the validity of all movement, including the ugly. * The rise of Nazism interrupted the development of Ausdruckstanz, impacting both Laban and Wigman's careers. Hanya Holm: Bridging Cultures in Dance * A student of Mary Wigman, Holm opened the Wigman School in NYC, later renamed the Hanya Holm School of Dance. * Known for her teaching talent, she blended American objectivity with German subjectivity in her methods. * Holm's approach produced highly skilled dancers, emphasizing detailed movement and expression. * Her influence extended through her students and the techniques she developed, contributing to the evolution of modern dance. * Holm's legacy is marked by her ability to adapt and innovate within the dance community. Key Influential Choreographers José Limón * Notable works include The Moor’s Pavane (1949), There is a Time (1956), and Missa Brevis (1958). * Developed the Limón Technique, which emphasizes movement through positions rather than the positions themselves. * Integrates breath (inspired by Doris Humphrey) and gesture (inspired by Charles Weidman) into dance. * Core principles include breath, fall and recovery, succession, and opposition, promoting a holistic approach to movement. * Describes the body as an orchestra, highlighting the importance of coordination and expression in dance. Lester Horton * Born in Indianapolis and moved to Los Angeles in 1928, where he became influenced by Native American cultures. * Inspired to pursue dance after witnessing a Denishawn performance, leading to the creation of the Horton Technique. * Established the first interracial dance company and the Lester Horton Dance Theater, which was the first venue dedicated to modern dance. * Horton Technique focuses on body actions viewed artistically, emphasizing anatomy and conditioning in exercises. * Known for the 17 Fortifications, which include movements like flat backs and lunges, producing versatile and articulate dancers. Katherine Dunham * A pioneer in integrating Black dance traditions into modern dance, she is recognized as the first dance anthropologist. * Conducted research in the West Indies, studying dance as a cultural expression, supported by fellowships from the University of Chicago. * Founded the Katherine Dunham Dance Company and the Dunham School for Arts and Research in 1945. * Major contributions include paving the way for Black dancers and establishing dance anthropology as a field of study. * Developed the Dunham Technique, which combines ballet and modern dance with Afro-Caribbean movements, often accompanied by jazz or polyrhythmic percussion. Modern Dance Techniques Horton Technique * Focuses on the body and its basic actions, viewed through an artistic lens, with a strong emphasis on anatomy and conditioning. * Inspired by 'primitive' cultures, it incorporates movements that reflect these influences. * Training includes foundational movements such as flat backs, lateral T, and lunges, aimed at creating dancers who are 'long and strong'. * The technique promotes versatility and fluidity in movement, allowing for detailed expression. * The Horton class at Butler University exemplifies the application of this technique in a structured learning environment. Limón Technique * Emphasizes movement through positions rather than static positions, focusing on the flow of movement. * Integrates breath and gesture, creating a dynamic interplay between the two. * Built on principles of fall and recovery, succession, and opposition, which are essential for expressive movement. * The concept of the 'body as an orchestra' highlights the importance of coordination and musicality in dance. * Instruction in this technique encourages dancers to explore their physicality and expressiveness. Dunham Technique * Combines principles of ballet and modern dance with a focus on torso isolations and Afro-Caribbean movements. * Musical accompaniment typically features jazz or polyrhythmic percussion, enhancing the cultural fusion in the dance. * The technique showcases a blend of American dance and Black dance heritage, enriching the modern dance landscape. * Dunham's work emphasizes the importance of cultural context in dance, reflecting her anthropological background. * The technique has influenced many dancers and choreographers, expanding the scope of modern dance. Postmodern Dance Movement A Postmodern America * Emerged in 1945, following WWII, characterized by skepticism and socio-political unrest. * Youth culture began to rebel against the traditional values of their parents, leading to significant cultural shifts. * Key events of the 1960s, such as the Women's and Civil Rights Movements, shaped the artistic landscape. * The assassinations of prominent figures like JFK, MLK, and Malcolm X, along with the Vietnam War and Cuban Missile Crisis, influenced the themes in postmodern art. * This period marked a departure from traditional narratives in dance, paving the way for new forms of expression. Merce Cunningham * Regarded as a revolutionary figure in the arts, comparable to Picasso and Stravinsky, he danced with Martha Graham from 1939 to 1945. * Challenged the necessity of meaning in dance, often at odds with the groundedness of Graham's technique. * Founded the Merce Cunningham Dance Company in 1953, which continued until 2011, following his wishes for a legacy tour. * His technique blends ballet and modern styles, emphasizing verticality and clarity of form. * Cunningham's choreography often utilized chance methods, allowing for equality among movements and ideas. Paul Taylor * Danced with Graham, Cunningham, and Balanchine, becoming a significant figure in modern dance. * His choreography reflects a unique blend of influences, resulting in a distinctive style that remains relevant today. * Taylor's work is characterized by openness to movement possibilities, creating a varied body of work. * While he did not codify a specific technique, his signature style incorporates balletic ideas with a more connected performance feel. * His choreography often features a two-dimensional aesthetic and specific movement shapes, such as the Taylor V. The Judson Dance Theater and Grand Union Characteristics of Postmodern Dance * Rejects the boundaries between high and low art, promoting a more inclusive artistic dialogue. * Emphasizes process over product, focusing on the exploration of ideas rather than traditional narratives. * Disregards the boundaries between different art mediums, allowing for a fusion of styles and expressions. * The Judson Dance Theater served as a public performance space for experimental movement artists, fostering innovation in dance. * Grand Union furthered these ideals, creating a collaborative environment for diverse artistic expressions. Overview of Postmodern Dance Key Characteristics of Postmodern Dance * Emphasizes process over product, valuing the journey of creation rather than the final performance. * Rejects formalism and traditional labels, allowing for a broader interpretation of what dance can be. * Embraces the ephemeral nature of dance, recognizing that each performance is unique and transient. Historical Context and Key Figures * The dominant period of postmodern dance was from 1962 to 1964, with significant performances starting on July 6, 1962. * Key artists include Yvonne Rainer, Steve Paxton, and Trisha Brown, who were instrumental in shaping the movement. The Grand Union Collective * Formed from a project initiated by Yvonne Rainer, emphasizing collaboration and close working relationships among members. * Operated from 1970 to 1976, with performances that were entirely improvised, showcasing the spontaneity of the art form. * Members included prominent figures like Rainer, Paxton, and Brown, who contributed to the collective's innovative approach. Influential Artists and Their Contributions Yvonne Rainer * Rainer is considered the most significant figure of the Judson Dance Theater era, known for her shift from traditional techniques to more accessible forms of dance. * Her 'No Manifesto' articulated the principles of postmodern dance, advocating for a rejection of conventional aesthetics. * 'Trio A' (1966) is her most famous work, characterized by its minimalist approach and focus on movement rather than narrative. Steve Paxton and Contact Improvisation * Paxton founded Contact Improvisation (CI) in 1972, which emphasizes a shared experience between dancers, alternating roles of giving and receiving weight. * CI encourages uninhibited movement and connection, allowing for personal expression and exploration. * The lack of codification in CI promotes diverse teaching methodologies, making it adaptable to various styles. Trisha Brown * Brown is a leading figure in postmodern dance, known for her innovative use of improvisation as a choreographic tool. * Her technique focuses on gravity, exploring how to release into it and its effects on the body. * 'Set and Reset' (1983) is a hallmark of her work, showcasing collaboration with artists like Robert Rauschenberg and Laurie Anderson. The Evolution of Dance Styles The Balanchine Legacy * George Balanchine's neoclassicism transformed ballet, making it more athletic and less courtly, influenced by modern and jazz dance. * His work laid the foundation for the New York City Ballet (NYCB) and inspired emerging choreographers like William Forsythe. * Arthur Mitchell, the first African American ballet star at NYCB, founded the Dance Theatre of Harlem, integrating African American traditions into ballet. Twyla Tharp's Innovations * Tharp emerged from the postmodern movement, merging its ideas with ballet to expand the boundaries of both forms. * Founded Twyla Tharp Dance in 1965, focusing on space, time, and pedestrian movement. * Her work emphasizes creativity and improvisation, showcasing a blend of various dance styles. Contemporary Dance Practices Contemporary Training Techniques Technique Name Description Countertechnique Investigates principles of dynamic balance. Gaga Improvisational, rooted in descriptive imagery. Flying Low Focuses on using the body’s natural spiralic energy. Release Technique Centers on breath and fluidity through the joints. FoCo Technique Merges concepts from Chinese classical and modern. Somatic Practices Prioritizes feeling and sensing over visual cues. Commentary Through Choreography * Dance serves as a vessel for social commentary, addressing various social, political, and global issues. * The universal language of the body allows for a performance platform that transcends cultural barriers. * Choreographers often engage in deep research to elevate their work beyond mere entertainment, creating pieces that are literal, abstract, or metaphorical. Social Justice in Dance Bill T. Jones and His Impact * Bill T. Jones is a prominent choreographer known for using dance as a vehicle for social change, particularly during the AIDS epidemic. * His work often incorporates elements of performance art, including spoken word and multimedia. * Founded the Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Dance Company in 1982, which continues to thrive today. Notable Works by Bill T. Jones * 'D-Man in the Waters' (1989) addresses the aftermath of personal loss and the AIDS crisis. * 'Last Supper at Uncle Tom’s Cabin/The Promised Land' (1990) explores themes of suffering and faith. * 'Still/Here' (1994) emerged from workshops with terminally ill individuals, gaining notoriety for its poignant exploration of mortality. * His recent work, 'Deep Blue Sea' (2021), reflects on social justice issues during the COVID-19 pandemic and the Black Lives Matter movement. Undergraduate Study in Dance Degree Types and Focus Areas * Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA): Emphasizes performance and choreography, preparing students for careers in dance performance and creative roles. * Bachelor of Arts (BA): Balances performance with a broader liberal arts education, allowing for a more diverse academic experience. * Bachelor of Science (BS): Focuses on scientific and quantitative studies, often including courses in dance sciences like kinesiology and movement therapies. Core Coursework in BFA Programs * Dance Technique: Varies by program, covering various styles and foundational skills. * Choreography: Includes practical experience in creating dance pieces, often with a focus on Dance for Camera. * Dance Pedagogy: Prepares students for teaching dance, covering methods and educational theories. * Anatomy and Kinesiology: Essential for understanding the physical body in relation to dance, enhancing performance and injury prevention. Additional Opportunities in Undergraduate Programs * Performance Opportunities: Students can perform in works by faculty, guest artists, and peers, gaining practical experience. * Masterclasses and Guest Lectures: Exposure to industry professionals enhances learning and networking. * Internships: Provide real-world experience and professional connections in the dance field. Graduate and Doctoral Study in Dance Types of Graduate Degrees * Master of Fine Arts (MFA): A terminal degree focusing on performance and creative research, essential for advanced artistic careers. * Master of Arts (MA): Often a stepping stone to Ph.D. work, focusing on liberal arts research or non-performance areas like Movement Therapy. * Ph.D. in Dance: Terminal degree for those pursuing research in educational, historical, or anthropological aspects of dance. Importance of Terminal Degrees * Terminal degrees are crucial for teaching positions in higher education, ensuring educators have advanced knowledge and skills. * They provide a pathway for specialized research, contributing to the academic field of dance. Transferable Skills from Dance Training Key Skills Developed * Time Management: Balancing rigorous training schedules with academic responsibilities. * Teamwork and Collaboration: Essential for group performances and choreographic projects. * Creative Thinking: Developing innovative solutions in choreography and performance. * Leadership: Opportunities to lead projects or direct performances enhance leadership skills. Career Opportunities in Dance Diverse Career Paths * Performance: Opportunities as company dancers or freelance artists in concert and commercial settings. * Choreography: Roles as resident choreographers or freelance artists, including dance filmmaking. * Teaching: Positions in private studios, public schools, and higher education, including curriculum development. Complementary Fields * Physical Therapy and Exercise Science: Important for injury prevention and rehabilitation for dancers. * Technical Theater: Involves stage management, costume design, and lighting design, supporting dance productions. * Nutrition and Dietetics: Essential for maintaining health and performance levels in dancers. Challenges in the Dance Industry Key Challenges Faced * Funding: Securing financial support for training and performances remains a significant hurdle. * Societal Perception: The relevance of artists is often questioned, impacting funding and support. * Job Stability: Economic factors and the nature of the industry can lead to instability in careers. The Evolution of Dance Categories Traditional Definitions * Concert Dance: Focuses on artistic expression in formal settings, traditionally dominated by ballet and modern styles. * Commercial Dance: Aimed at mainstream audiences, includes hip hop, street dance, and Broadway, requiring different training focuses. Blurring the Lines Between Categories * The rise of versatile training in the 1980s and 1990s has led to a blending of concert and commercial styles. * Shows like So You Think You Can Dance have increased exposure for dancers, allowing them to cross between genres. Dance as Sport Athleticism in Dance * Professional dance requires physical attributes similar to those in traditional sports, including strength, endurance, and flexibility. * Cross-training is essential for dancers to enhance their physical skills and performance capabilities. Dance Competitions * Competitions are organized regionally and nationally, with categories based on age, level, and genre. * Scoring systems evaluate technique, performance, and choreography, with awards given for various achievements. Pros and Cons of Dance Competitions Advantages of Dance Competitions * Dance competitions elevate the visibility of dance as a sport, engaging both dancers and audiences in a competitive atmosphere. * They provide young dancers with valuable experiences in handling rejection and understanding the subjective nature of performance evaluation. * Competitions encourage versatile training, which can serve as a launchpad for professional careers, emphasizing the importance of time management, personal responsibility, and teamwork. * Many competitions offer scholarship opportunities and conventions, enhancing training, networking, and exposure for participants. Challenges and Criticisms of Dance Competitions * Technical training may be compromised in competitive studios, focusing more on choreography and tricks rather than foundational skills. * The emphasis on sports elements can overshadow the artistic aspects of dance, influencing teaching practices in studios. * Choreography may lack individuality as dancers often follow trends that are more likely to win competitions. * Issues of hypersexuality in young dancers and the appropriateness of choreography/music are prevalent during competition seasons

cuban missile crisis

Korean War and Cuban Missile Crisis

Cuba- bay of pigs and Cuban missile crisis

The Cuban Missile Crisis (causes and long-term issues)

Fidel Castro and Cuban Missile Crisis

Cuban Missile Crisis Lecture Notes

Cuban Missile Crisis

[10] Cuban Missile Crisis

History - Cuban Missile Crisis

Cuban Missile Crisis

Increased tension: the Cuban missile crisis

Rising Tension + Cuban Missile Crisis

The Tumultuous ‘60s Domestic Policies John F. Kennedy - **Space Program**: Aimed to land on the moon; part of broader technological advancements. - **Civil Rights**: Efforts made to strengthen voting rights laws and assist schools in voluntarily desegregating. Policies gained momentum post-assassination. New Frontier - **Objectives**: Address social, economic, and technological challenges. - Expand civil rights. - Federal aid for education. - Space exploration (Apollo program). - Fight poverty and stimulate economic growth. - **Success**: Laid groundwork for civil rights, advanced the Apollo program, promoted economic growth. Lyndon B. Johnson - **War on Poverty**: Programs to reduce poverty. - **Medicare**: Health insurance for the elderly. - **Medicaid**: Aid for poor and elderly care. - **VISTA**: Volunteers in Service to America, similar to domestic Peace Corps. - **Job Corps**: Education and skills for employment. - **Office of Economic Opportunity**: Coordinated anti-poverty programs. - **Public Broadcasting Act**: Supported educational programming (PBS). Great Society - **Objectives**: Eliminate poverty, racial injustice, improve education, healthcare, and the environment. - **Programs**: Civil Rights Act, Voting Rights Act, Medicare, Medicaid, War on Poverty. - **Success**: Reduced poverty, expanded healthcare access, strengthened civil rights. Foreign Policies John F. Kennedy - **Peace Corps**: Sent volunteers abroad to aid in education and health in developing countries. - **Alliance for Progress**: Economic assistance to Latin America, supported infrastructure and education. - **Bay of Pigs**: Failed invasion of Cuba, tarnished US reputation. - **Cuban Missile Crisis**: US-Soviet standoff over missiles in Cuba, led to communication improvements and enhanced US global standing. - **Berlin Wall**: Soviet actions in Berlin did not directly affect US but had geopolitical implications. Lyndon B. Johnson - **Pueblo Incident**: Capture of US Navy ship by North Korea; perceived weakness for the US. Key Events Assassination of JFK - **Assassin**: Lee Harvey Oswald. - **Warren Commission**: Investigation into JFK's assassination, leading to various conspiracy theories. Civil Rights Movement Key People - **Martin Luther King, Jr.**: Led major protests and marches. - **Malcolm X**: Advocated for Black separation and founded OAAU. - **Stokely Carmichael**: Leader in the Black Power movement. - **Jackie Robinson**: Integrated Major League Baseball. - **James Farmer**: Co-founded CORE and led Freedom Rides. - **James Meredith**: Integrated the University of Mississippi. - **Medgar Evers**: NAACP leader, assassinated. - **Huey Newton**: Founded the Black Panther Party. - **Elijah Muhammad**: Promoted separate nation for black Muslims. - **Robert Kennedy**: Enforced civil rights laws and protections. Legislation - **Civil Rights Act 1964**: Prohibited discrimination. - **Voting Rights Act 1965**: Eliminated voting loopholes. - **Civil Rights Act 1968**: Addressed housing discrimination. - **24th Amendment**: Abolished poll taxes. Protests - **Greensboro Sit-Ins**: Led to desegregation in dining. - **March on Washington**: Famous "I Have a Dream" speech. - **Selma March**: Highlighted voting rights and met police resistance. - **Freedom Summer**: Exposed voter suppression and racial violence. - **Freedom Riders**: Challenged interstate segregation laws. Civil Rights Groups - **SNCC**: Aimed to register black voters; part of the Freedom Summer project. - **CORE**: Focused on ending segregation in interstate transport. - **SCLC**: Led by MLK, used peaceful protests to highlight racial injustice. - **Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party**: Challenged segregationist political structures

Save Flashcards Learn Test Blocks New Blast Match Worries about Kennedy during 1960 election Shortcut Press Space or click on the card to flip He was too young, inexperienced, and Catholic Track progress 4 / 58 Profile Picture Vera_Klochkova Top creator on Quizlet · Created 5 days ago 0:05 / 0:15 Students also studied Flashcard sets Study guides Practice tests Modern Era Review Teacher 167 terms Profile Picture PhillipsPHS Preview Civil Rights 69 terms Profile Picture apantis7 Preview Lecture Notes (History 5B-01 Final) 83 terms Profile Picture Samuel_Soohoo7 Preview Chapter #26 Quiz 10 terms Profile Picture pixelpirate87 Preview HIST 1302 Exam 3 40 terms Profile Picture jeremy1220045 Preview ap world unit 5 learning objectives & historical developments 11 terms Profile Picture Paul_Espinosa32 Preview history test 6 terms Profile Picture isabel_irwin9 Preview Neolithic Era: Turning Point in History 21 terms Profile Picture artisticallyselena Preview Unit 4 History Study Guide 24 terms Profile Picture crimsontraylor723 Preview ch. 28--29 45 terms Profile Picture leslierodriguez_24 Preview LOUISIANA HISTORY: Chapter 1, Lesson 4 34 terms Profile Picture frcramer Preview Mil History WEEK 1 7 terms Profile Picture SiahQuizzes Preview Ship Designations and Classes 41 terms Profile Picture sayers001 Preview Worldview and the History of Life 56 terms Profile Picture bbene792 Preview Key Events and Concepts of WWII and Human Rights 84 terms Profile Picture kaptsany27 Preview Chapter 16 Terms 20 terms Profile Picture A_ydunx Preview World War I Causes and Impact 38 terms Profile Picture quizlette76576101 Preview Euro 8.2 WW1 9 terms Profile Picture Daniela_Arana-Duenas Preview 9/11 Quiz 25 terms Profile Picture aprilsimmons8 Preview History WWII Test 19 terms Profile Picture vbaseball09 Preview Social Studies 5004 World History 49 terms Profile Picture anna_reimers7 Preview World History : Chapter 19 - 21 Vocab 39 terms Profile Picture aucletic Preview AP World History People 30 terms Profile Picture Allyson_Bell924208 Preview Final Exam for Global World History 56 terms Profile Picture Esme1058 Preview World History 7 terms Profile Picture plehmann2 Preview social studies 13 terms Profile Picture Amanda_Lin57 Preview AP U.S. History - Chapter 12 23 terms Profile Picture Mancan76 Preview Practice questions for this set Learn 1 / 7 Study with Learn Kennedy seemed cool & appealing, spoke to people - Nixon looked sickly, sweaty and uncomfortable Choose matching term 1 Engel v. vitale 2 Robert f. kennedy 3 Baker v. carr 4 Kennedy / Nixon Debate Don't know? Terms in this set (58) Your stats Still learning (58) You've started learning these terms. Keep it up! Select these 58 John F. Kennedy (JFK) 35th President - youngest man ever elected & first Catholic; won election by NARROW margin over Nixon; inspired HOPE in all Americans; assassinated in Dallas, Texas on Nov. 22, 1963 Robert F. Kennedy Attorney General of the US; he was JFK's younger brother and trusted advisor Kennedy / Nixon Debate Kennedy seemed cool & appealing, spoke to people - Nixon looked sickly, sweaty and uncomfortable Worries about Kennedy during 1960 election He was too young, inexperienced, and Catholic Camelot Was the name of a popular Broadway musical about King Arthur who fought to make things right -- "Camelot" came to represent the energetic, idealistic image of the Kennedy White House Why were many of Kennedy's proposals defeated in Congress? He did NOT have a strong mandate to push them through Mandate Public endorsement of a candidate's proposals -Kennedy did NOT have this b/c he won by slim margin; LBJ did have this, he won by a landslide 3 Goals of Kennedy's New Frontier (1) Improve the economy / cut taxes (2) Fight poverty / provide aid to the poor (3) Speed up the space program **He gave Americans HOPE for a better future Strategies JFK used to improve relations between US and developing countries Peace Corp & Alliance for Progress Peace Corps Federal programs established to send AMERICAN VOLUNTEERS to help developing nations around the world to raise their standard of living - would help them resist communism Alliance for Progress Program set up by JFK for the US and cooperating nations to send money to LATIN AMERICA in an attempt to help them resist communism Berlin Crisis Soviet leader Khrushchev tried to bully Kennedy (wants US out of Berlin) - Kennedy responds by building up the US military - Khrushchev responds by building the Berlin Wall Why did USSR build the Berlin Wall? Built by the Soviets in order to prevent the EAST GERMANS from fleeing to West Berlin for freedom Bay of Pigs Invasion - who planned it? Eisenhower - he approved plans for the CIA to train Cuban exiles as guerillas to invade Cuba Bay of Pigs Invasion - what happened? 1,400 Cuban exiles invaded Cuba on April 17, 1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion - goal? To overthrow Fidel Castro, the communist leader of Cuba Bay of Pigs Invasion - outcome? The mission failed miserably - Kennedy's administration humiliated - Cuba gov't turned to USSR for protection from the US Cuban Missile Crisis The confrontation between the US and the USSR that brought them to the brink of a nuclear war What event started the Cuban Missile Crisis? American spy plane discovered Russian missile sites being placed in Cuba 4 options Kennedy had in handling the Cuban Missile Crisis 1) Do nothing & avoid immediate war 2) Attack and destroy missile site 3) Diplomatic pressure to remove missiles 4) Naval blockade (quarantine) How was the Cuban Missile Crisis resolved? Kennedy set up a naval blockade - Soviets backed off - Soviets agreed to remove missiles from Cuba - US agreed not to invade Cuba Results of Cuban Missile Crisis US promised to remove their missiles from Turkey, US & Soviets signed Limited Test Ban Treaty, US & Soviets establish "hot-line" for future crises Nikita Krushchev Soviet leader (1953-1964) during Berlin crisis and the Cuban Missile Crisis. He and JFK signed the Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty in 1963, temporarily easing Cold War tensions Hotline Direct telephone line between US & Soviets that was set up after the Cuban missile crisis; direct line of communication between JFK & Khushchev Effect Cold War had on NASA US was losing the space war to the Soviets, US spent a lot of money on NASA and on science & math education in schools JFKs goal for NASA To land a man on the moon before 1970 Limited Test Ban Treaty An agreement between the US & Soviets, and 40 other countries, not to test nuclear weapons above ground; result of Cuban missile crisis November 22, 1963 President Kennedy was shot and killed Why did Kennedy's assassination deeply affect Americans? He represented hope for a better future Magic Bullet Theory Theory by Warren Commission that one bullet caused wounds in both Kennedy and Texas Gov. John Connally, who sat in the front seat of the presidential limousine Lee Harvey Oswald Ex-Marine & communist sympathizer who killed JFK in Dallas, Texas, on November 22, 1963 - he was murdered two days later by Jack Ruby Jack Ruby Night club owner who assassinated Lee Harvey Oswald, he was suspected of having ties to Mafia What was the Warren Commission? A committee that investigated the assassination of President Kennedy Findings of Warren COMMISSION Determined that Oswald acted alone; 3 shots from the book depository Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ) Vice-president to JFK; became the 36th president after Kennedy's assassination; reelected in 1964; domestic policy called the "Great Society" Great Society Johnson's domestic policy - series of legislative issues that included major poverty relief, education aid, healthcare, voting rights, conservation, urban renewal & economic development (his programs were a continuation of JFKs New Frontier plans) Criticism of the Great Society It spent too much money on the poor and it gave too much authority to Fed. gov't Equal Pay Act of 1963 Law that required both men and women to receive equal pay for equal work Civil Rights Act of 1964 A federal law that made discrimination illegal in voting, public places, schools and jobs VISTA (Volunteers in Service to America) Federal program to send volunteers to help people in poor communities in the U.S.; includes Head Start pre-school program to help kids from low income families Medicare Federal program that provides health insurance for Americans 65 and older Medicaid Federal program that provides health insurance to poor Americans of any age who cannot afford it Immigration Act of 1965 Law that abolished immigration quotas and increased the number of immigrants allowed into the US What is the Warren Court? Supreme Court named after Chief of Justice Earl Warren during JFK's presidency - he overturned many old laws & rulings & established new legal procedures 5 matters supported by the Warren COURT Rights of the accused, voting rights, the poor, civil rights, religious freedom Apportionment Warren Court decision about the way seats in a legislative body are distributed among electoral districts Baker v. Carr Voting districts must be based on population - "one person, one vote" Engel v. Vitale Public schools can't require a school prayer because it defies separation of church and state Mapp v. Ohio Police required to have specific warrants in order to make arrests Miranda v. Arizona Criminal suspects must be informed of their right to consult with an attorney and of their right against self-incrimination Miranda Rule Ruling by the Warren Court that police must inform persons accused of a crime their legal rights Why LBJ won 1964 election by a landslide He ran against Barry Goldwater who threatened to use nuclear weapons (think of Daisy commercial) How did Johnson continue Kennedy's plan to eliminate poverty in the US He pushed to pass JFKs anti-poverty programs, such as the Economic Opportunity Act (including Head Start & VISTA) Relationship between Warren Court & Great Society Both dealt with the rights of the poor & disadvantaged Similarities between the New Frontier (JFK) & the Great Society (LBJ) Both focused on civil rights and helping the poor and elderly (believed federal gov't should help the less fortunate with their economic & social needs) Differences between the New Frontier (JFK) & the Great Society (LBJ) LBJ had a strong mandate in Congress and was able to get laws passed - JFK did not; LBJ focused on domestic policy, JFk more on foreign Panama Canal Zone Controlled by the US since early 1900's; in 1964, nationalist rioted & demanded US give up control - Panama President and LBJ negotiated treaties Invasion of Dominican Repbulic Attacks on Dominican Republic gov't by rebels. LBJ said it was fueled by Communists - sent 22,000 marines. Gov't & marines took control, attack over, provisional US gov't set up in 1965 Add or remove terms You can also click the terms or definitions to blur or reveal them Review with an activity About us About Quizlet How Quizlet works Careers Advertise with us Get the app For students Flashcards Test Learn Solutions Modern Learning Lab Quizlet Plus Study Guides Pomodoro timer For teachers Live Checkpoint Blog Be the Change Quizlet Plus for teachers Resources Help center Honor code Community guidelines Privacy Terms Ads and Cookie Settings Quizlet for Schools Parents Language English (USA) © 2025 Quizlet, Inc. COPPA Safe Harbor Certification seal Home Your library Notifications 2 MUSH Psychology 2023 Fall B Peri... 2023 Fall A Peri... Spanish 2H New folder Start here Flashcards Study Guides Practice Tests Expert Solutions Home

CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS

The Cuban Missile Crisis

The Cuban Missile Crisis 1959 - 196