knowt ap exam guide logo

3.10 Solubility

Polyatomic Ions

-ium is positive charges

Hydroxide

OH-

Hydronium

H3O+

Ammonia

NH3

Ammonium

NH4+

Carbonate

CO32-

Nitrate

NO3-

Phosphate

PO43-

Arsonate

AsO43-

Sulfate

SO42-

Selenium

SeO42-

Chlorate

ClO3-

Bromate

BrO3-

Acetate

C2H3O2-

CH3COO-

-ate is negative charges

Solubility Rules

  1. Group 1 metals, ammonium, and nitrate always form soluble compounds.

  2. Assume all acetate compounds are soluble.

  3. Pb, Ag, and Hg form insoluble salts.

  4. F- salts are also insoluble.

  5. Halogens form soluble salts (Cl, Br, I).

  6. Hydroxide compounds are generally insoluble except for Sr, Ba, Ra.

  7. The vast majority of all other salts are insoluble in water, so assume they are insoluble unless told otherwise.

3.10 Solubility

Polyatomic Ions

-ium is positive charges

Hydroxide

OH-

Hydronium

H3O+

Ammonia

NH3

Ammonium

NH4+

Carbonate

CO32-

Nitrate

NO3-

Phosphate

PO43-

Arsonate

AsO43-

Sulfate

SO42-

Selenium

SeO42-

Chlorate

ClO3-

Bromate

BrO3-

Acetate

C2H3O2-

CH3COO-

-ate is negative charges

Solubility Rules

  1. Group 1 metals, ammonium, and nitrate always form soluble compounds.

  2. Assume all acetate compounds are soluble.

  3. Pb, Ag, and Hg form insoluble salts.

  4. F- salts are also insoluble.

  5. Halogens form soluble salts (Cl, Br, I).

  6. Hydroxide compounds are generally insoluble except for Sr, Ba, Ra.

  7. The vast majority of all other salts are insoluble in water, so assume they are insoluble unless told otherwise.

robot