Motivation and Emotion

Flashcards covering key concepts related to motivation and emotion based on the lecture notes.

Motivation

The process by which activities are started, directed, and continued to meet physical or psychological needs or wants.

Extrinsic Motivation

Type of motivation in which a person performs an action to achieve an outcome that is separate from or external to the person.

Intrinsic Motivation

Type of motivation in which a person performs an action because the act itself is rewarding or satisfying.

Instincts

Biologically determined and innate patterns of behavior present in both people and nonhuman animals.

Drive

A psychological tension and physical arousal that motivates an organism to act to fulfill a need.

Homeostasis

The tendency of the body to maintain a steady state.

Primary Drives

Drives that involve basic needs of the body such as hunger and thirst.

Acquired Drives

Drives that are learned through experience or conditioning, like the need for money or social approval.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

A theory proposing that humans must fulfill deficiency needs before achieving self-actualization.

Self-Actualization

The point at which individuals feel they have achieved their full personal potential.

Locus of Control

The degree to which individuals believe they can control events affecting them.

Arousal Theory

Theory stating that individuals seek to maintain an optimal level of tension and arousal.

Incentives

External stimuli that attract or lure people into action.

James-Lange Theory

Theory positing that physiological reactions lead to the labeling of emotions.

Cannon-Bard Theory

Theory suggesting that physiological reactions and emotions occur simultaneously.

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Theory positing that facial expressions influence emotional experience.

Cognitive Appraisal Theory

Theory asserting that cognitive interpretation of a stimulus mediates emotional response.

Emotion

A feeling aspect of consciousness, characterized by physical arousal, behavioral expression, and inner awareness.

Emotional Expression

Facial and bodily expressions that communicate feelings; varies across cultures.

Stress

A state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from challenging circumstances.

Obesity

Condition of being overweight, often defined by body mass index (BMI).

Emotional Intelligence

The ability to recognize and manage our own emotions and the emotions of others.