Africa Regents Review

Africa's Geography

A large continent with diverse geography including mountain ranges, savannahs, and the Sahara Desert.

Mali Kingdom

An early trading empire in Africa known for gold and salt, led by Mansa Musa.

Slash-and-burn farming

A farming technique utilized by the Mali Kingdom.

Berlin Conference

A European conference in 1883 where European countries negotiated for African territory.

Causes of Imperialism in Africa

Industrialization, the need for markets and raw materials, and mercantilism.

Mercantilism

Colonies exist to generate wealth for the mother country.

Results of the Scramble for Africa

The continent was divided among European powers, disregarding existing populations, splitting up tribes, and forcing different tribes together.

Belgian colony of the Congo

A Belgian colony focused on rubber production where Congolese people were harshly mistreated, including having hands cut off for not meeting quotas.

Boer War

Dutch settlers vs. British for control of Southern Africa.

New infrastructure built during imperialism

Railroads, telephone lines, schools, and medicine.

Political and economic state of Africa during Imperialism

Africa was still under political domination and economic disadvantage.

End of Imperialism in Africa

Colonies began to break up after World War 2 due to warring nations being broke, lacking strength, and the hypocrisy of fighting for freedom while dominating other regions.

Pan-Africanism

A social movement that promoted pride in African identity and nationalism, aiming to unite all people living in Africa.

Apartheid

System of segregation implemented by the white minority government in South Africa.

Nelson Mandela

Leader of the African National Congress who fought against Apartheid and was imprisoned for 27 years.

Desmond Tutu

Archbishop of South Africa who advocated for the Truth and Reconciliation Council.

F.W. de Klerk

He helped Nelson Mandela get out of jail and ended the practice of blocking the black vote

Jomo Kenyatta

Leader of the Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya, a guerrilla war against the British.

Harambee

Unity

Kwame Nkrumah

Leader who led Ghana and employed nonviolent protests, including boycotts of British goods.

Janjaweed

An Arab nomadic militia that sought to assert dominance over non-Arab Sudanese people in Darfur.

Ethnic cleansing

Widespread killings of non-Arab Africans

Rwandan genocide

Took place in Rwanda because the Tutsi minority was favored over the Hutu majority.

How did the Rwandan genocide begin?

The Hutu president's assassination sparked a coordinated attack by Hutus against Tutsis.

Tribalism

Tribal alliances being more important than national identity.

Neocolonialism

Economic exploitation continues where developed countries control resources and markets.

Rapid