Female Reproductive system

what are the primary structures of the female reproductive system?

ovaries (gonads)

what are the secondary structures of the female reproductive system?

• uterine tubes, uterus, cervix, vaginal canal

OVULATION REQUIRMENTS

what has to happen in order for ovulation to occur?

• female has to have 17% body fat

• adipose tissue will then secrete leptin

• leptin then acts on the hypothalamus to secrete GnRH

• GnRH acts on the anterior pituitary gland to secrete FSH and LH

OVULATION

what is ovulation?

when an egg is released from the ovary

what are the different stages to an egg?

• primordial follicles

• primary follicles

• secondary follicles

• graafian follicles

• ovulated ovum

• corpus luteum

HORMONES OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

FSH acts on and what does it do?

acts on the follicle, it stimulates growth of the follicle to reach maturation

what does the follicle secrete when FSH acts on it?

estrogen

what does LH act on and what does it do?

• it acts on the release of the egg (ovulation)

• it also acts on the corpus luteum to secrete more progesterone for uterine thickening

PROTECTIVE BARRIES OF AN OOCYTE

when an oocyte is ovulated, what are the two protective barriers that covers it?

• corona radiata

• zona pellucida

label the zona pellucida and the corona radiata:

MEIOSIS AND FERTILIZATION

what stage of meiosis 2 does an oocyte wait to be fertilized?

metaphase 2

what happens if an egg is fertilized?

it will complete metaphase 2 and become a fertilized egg (zygote)

what happens if the egg isnt fertilized?

it will shed with the endometrium lining

STRUCTURES OF THE UTERUS

what are the finger-like extensions that guide the egg toward the fallopian tube?

fimbriae

what are the ovaries attached too?

suspensory ligaments

what are the three layers of the uterus?

perimetrium

myometrium (muscular layer)

endometrium (blood vessels, and nutrients)

label the perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium:

what layer of the endometrium do females shed?

stratum functionalis

what layer of the endometrium gives rise to a new stratum functionalis?

stratum basalis

CERVIX AND VAGINA

what is the opening of the cervix called?

internal os

this canal is lined with mucus that extends from the body’s exterior to the cervix:

the vagina

what is the name of the female genitalia?

vulva

what is the female erectile tissue called?

glans clitoris

label the urethra, bladder, uterus, vagina, cervix, vagial opening, and vaginal canal:

EXTERNAL FEMALE ANATOMY

label the labia minora, labia majora, and clitoris

MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES

ovaries are homologous to the male:

testes

ovum are homologous to the male:

sperm

labia majora are homologous to the male:

scrotum

labia minora are homologous to the male:

spongy urethra

vestibule is homologous to the male:

intermediate/membranous urethra

vestibular bulb is homologous to the male:

corpus spongiosum of the penis

clitoris is homologous to the male:

glans penis and corpora cavernosa

paraurethral glands are homologous to the male:

prostate

greater vestibule glands are homologous to the male:

bulbourethral glands

FSH AND LH INHIBITORS

high levels of estrogen and progesterone will do what?

inhibit FSH and LH

low levels of estrogen and progesterone will do what?

encourage FSH and LH

which hormone aids in the pre-ovulatory phase?

FSH

which hormone aids in the post-ovulatory stage?

LH