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What is the timeline for thematic social?
1795-1835 2nd Great Awakening, early 1800s Dorothea Dix and Horace Mann, 1848 Seneca Falls Convention, 1851 Sojourner Truth
How do the social events connect with each other ?
The 2nd Great Awakening was from about 1795 to 1835. During this time preachers travelled from town to town urging people to embrace Christian faith and work for justice. Dorothea Dix, who was deeply religious, worked to change the penal system because she saw women and mentally ill children treated as criminals even though they did not do anything wrong. Around the same time, Horace Mann saw that many children were denied of education. He worked for freed, public education. Women were denied many rights that were given to men, including the right to vote and control their own money/property. In 1848, the Seneca Falls Convention was held to discuss on the topic of women's rights. One of the most famous women's rights supporter was Sojourner Truth. After hearing the women were being portrayed as weak, she gave her most famous speech "Ain't I A Woman".
What is the timeline for political?
1777 Articles of Confederation, 1787 Northwest Ordinance, May 1787 Constitutional Convention Philadelphia, 1787 Constitution of the US was made by James Madison and Governor Morris, 1787 Great Compromise by Roger Sherman
How do the political events connect with each other ?
In 1777 the Articles of Confederation, also known as the nation's first constitution, was drafted. Under the Articles of Confederation Congress was able to establish western land policies for settlement which was called the Northwest Ordinance. however, many Americans saw problems in the confederation. In May of 1787, a call for a Constitutional Convention was to be held in Philadelphia. At the Constitutional Convention, the Constitution of the US and the Great Compromise was created. The Constitution of the US was made by James Madison with Governor Morris as the penman (writer). James Madison pushed for a strong central government. Governor Morris also played a key role in the Constitutional Convention. He thought that the government should be led by a president. The Great Compromise was made by Roger Sherman. It allowed each state to have representation in Congress.
What was the Judicial Review Act?
the power of the Supreme Court to review an ection of the legislative or executive branch and declare it unconstitutional
What was the Sugar Act?
tax on sugar and molasses, first tax on colonies to help pay for French & Indian War
What was the Tea Act?
allowed East India Company to sell tea directly to colonists instead of selling it to Britain first and then ship to colonies. However, it gave the company full control of the Tea market.
What was the Intolerable Acts?
Britain's response to the Boston tea party
What was the Townshend Act?
tax on imported goods like glass, lead, and paint
What was the Stamp Act?
Tax on all paper goods
What was the Homespun Virtue?
boycott in Boston, American resistance where they relied on homespun clothing instead of imported finery from Britain
What was the Battles of Lexington and Concord?
took place on April 19 in 1755, The first gunshot was fired at Lexington which started the Battle, started revolutionary war
What was the Boston Massacre?
British troops fired on an angry crowd of Boston colonists, killing five and wounding six
"Wilkes and Liberty"
A phrase typically used by radical colonists in response to the expulsion of John Wilkes from his seat in Parliament, emphasizing the concept of mob rule instead of the rule of the law
Battles of Lexington and Concord
Started revolutionary war, British governor Thomas Gage sent troops to Concord to stop the colonists who were loading arms. The next day, on April 19, 1775, the first shots were fired in Lexington, starting the war. The battles resulted in a British retreat to Boston
Blacks in the Revolution
George Washington accepted black recruits after Lord Dunmore's proclamation offered freedom to slaves who fought for the British. Five thousand African-Americans enlisted in state militias and the Continental army and navy. Some slaves gained freedom by serving in place of an owner. Siding with the British offered slaves far more opportunities for liberty.
Who were the Regulators?
protested that the western settlements had no representation in the colony's assembly, Regulators were wealthy individuals of Southern Carolina, worked against local officials and with the citizens in events such as when small farmers kidnapped local officials and assaulted and disrupted court proceedings, homes, merchants, and lawyers.
What was the Committees of Correspondence
formed in Massachusetts by the patriot Samuel Adams to sustain the protests, communicated with others to spread news of British actions
What was Lord Dunmore's Proclamation?
stated that any slave who escaped to him and was willing to join the British would be granted freedom, angered the Southern leaders because slavery was very important to them as they were dependent on the slave population for labour at large plantations
What was the Continental Congress
provided leadership during the American Revolution and drafted the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation
What was the Continental Association
created to enforce the boycott of British goods and the stopping of exports to England
What was the fate of Washington's slaves after his death ?
they were free after his wife died, no more selling and transporting any slave he possessed, ldery slaves or slaves who couldn't work because they were too sick would be supported by his estate for their whole lives, Children who did not have parents or families that could not get education would be bound to mistresses and masters that would teach them writing, reading, and trade until they were fully freed at twenty-five
What did Washington order for William Lee ?
freed immediately, receive thirty dollars annually throughout his time when he was alive,
Was slavery efficient for the economy?
no it was not, even though he made profit off of the slaves working on his land, the money was not enough to cover food and clothes for the slaves
What is salutary neglect?
a policy that the British used where they had loose trade regulations on the colonies as long as they were loyal to Britain and contributed to British welfare.
What was the Whiskey Rebellion?
Congress passed tax on whiskey to raise money, Western farmers who turned grain to whiskey was mad, then farmers attack tax collectors and setting building on fire
Thomas Jefferson
believed the average citizen is capable of making good decisions, power should lie with majority of voters, central government should be weak
What was Washington's Farewell Address?
echoed John Adams argument that constitution was only made for moral and religious people, originally drafted in 1792 by Madison, he decided not to seek 3rd term, served to inform the nation that he wouldn't seek 3rd term as president, also warn public of political and social hazards
What did Washington remind Americans in his Farewell Address?
reminded Americans of the importance of unity in maintaining a stable government, American identity more important than local identity, don't make amendments and alliances with other countries, can make temporary alliances and still need to honor existing treaties
According to Washington, what was the best way to maintain foreign relations?
through trade
What did Washington think of political parties?
parties were likely to corrupt and destroy government and politicians
When was the second Treaty of Paris?
September 1783
What happened in the Treaty of Paris in 1783?
recognize America's independence, territory Atlantic coats to Mississippi river, still own fishing rights off Canada
What was the moral/ political philosophy?
Addresses society and authority
Who was John Locke?
English Philosopher, believed in people's rights, Inspire colonial rebellion
What was John Locke's social contract?
An agreement between the government and the governed, believed that the government was was not legitimate without society's consent
Who were the Whigs?
parliament members wanting to increase legislative influence
Who were the Tories?
sided with the British monarchy
What is mercantilism?
The English economic policy that pertains to America's economy/ politics
What did the Navigation Acts do?
Helped to control america's trade and benefit England, colonial merchants unable to import goods from other countries, only able to import from Britain
What was the process for imported foreign goods when British ruled?
Foreign goods first had to go through a British port, then they were able to be transported across the Atlantic Ocean on an English ship, finally they could be resold in America through an English merchant
Why was the import of foreign goods so long?
money was kept in the British empire
What was the results of the navigation acts?
enforcement of navigation act became loose, many merchants began to smuggle goods
Why did colonists smuggle goods?
So they could avoid taxes and regulations that Britain had set
When was the Declaration of Independence?
july 4, 1776
What was the Declaration of Independence?
all men are equal and have certain unalienable rights (life, liberty, property), Leadership mainly educated, wealthy classes, limit authority, 2 house legislatures
Who made the Articles of confederation?
John Dickinson
When was the Articles of Condeferation reformed?
september 1786
Where is the Executive located in the Constitution?
Article 2
What was "Common Sense"?
written by Thomas Paine in 1776. He was an immigrant from Britain who lived then with the colonies in America. he declared that nobody should be ruled by a king and said colonies should have their own government. It would be made from all the colonies to show equal representatives to build a democracy. He wrote it to show that the colonies had suffered enough under the British parliament. It motivated the colonies to be more independent.
Where is the Judicial located in the Constitution?
Article 3
What is the role of the Legislative?
make laws
What is the role of the Executive?
enforce laws
What is the role of the Judicial?
evaluates laws
Who leads the legislative branch?
Congress, Senate and House of Rep.
Who is the Executive branch?
president
Who is the Judical branch?
Supreme Court
What are 3 powers of the Legislative branch?
collect taxes, declare war, coin money
What are 3 powers of the Executive branch?
sign/ veto bills into law, commander in chief, appoints ambassadors, SC justices, and judges
What are 3 powers of the Judicial branch?
decide if law and Executive branch follows constitution, settle disputes between 2 or more states
What is the electoral college?
a group of people selected from each state who cast votes in the presidential election
Which Amendment in the Constitution allows for the the Vice President to impeach the president?
25 Amendment
In order for Impeachment to pass the Senate, how many Senators will need to vote in favor of impeachment?
2/3
Who were the "Five Civilized Tribes"
Creeks, Cherokee, Choctaws, Seminole, Chickasaws
When did Andrew Jackson become president?
1829
Who was the first to sign the removal treaty?
Choctaws
Who were tricked into signing the removal treaty?
Seminoles, majority of tribe saw treaty as illegal and refused to leave
What did the Creeks do?
refused to emigrate, 1836 secretary of War order removal of Creeks, 1837 about 15k Creeks migrate west
How did the Chickasaws view the removal treaty?
saw it as inevitable so did not resist any attempts to sign treaty
Who was tricked into an illegal treaty?
Cherokee, 15k Cherokee petitions to protest treaty
What was the Trail of Tears?
Forced relocation and removal of Cherokee from Georgia to Oklahoma, 4k died from hunger, disease and exhaustion
Where is the Legislative located in the Constitution?
Article 1
when did the Paxton boys attack?
December 1763
Who were the paxton boys?
Farmers wanting end war between Indians and colonists
How did the Paxton Boys view American Indians?
as the main enemy of colonists
What was the problem in the Great Compromise?
delegates disagreed over how states should be represented in national legislature
What were the two conflicting ideas in the Great Compromise?
The Virginia Plan and The New Jersey Plan
What was the Virginia Plan?
2 house legislature, states rep. based on population
What was the New Jersey Plan?
1 house legislature, equal state representation
What was the compromise in the Great Compromise?
2 house legislature, upper house (senate) had equal state representation; 2 senators per state, lower house (house of rep.) representation based on population;1 rep per 30k residents in state
What did the anti-federalist fear in the Great Compromise?
feared 1 person cannot represent 30k people
What was the problem in the Three-Fifths Compromise?
delegates disagree over how slaves should be counted
What were the two conflicting ideas in the Three-Fifths Compromise?
The North and The South
What was is compromise in the Three-Fifths Compromise?
3/5 slaves counted for both taxation and representation
what was the problem in the electoral college?
delegate disagree over how the president should be elected
What were the two conflicting ideas in the electoral college?
some wanted congress elect president, some wanted people to elect
What was the compromise in the electoral college?
states choose special electors to select the presidents
Who led Shay's rebellion?
Daniel Shays, former Continental Army Captain
Where/ when was Shay's rebellion?
Massachusetts 1786
what was the reason for Shay's rebellion?
Massachusetts government raised taxes instead of printing money, paper money not printed to increase state funds
Whoo/how did the taxes impact in Shay's rebellion?
farmers, could not pay taxes/ mortgages and had to foreclose farms
What did Shay do in Shays rebellion?
went with 1,200 farmer to seized weapons and head to state arsenal
Who was sent by the Governor of Massachusetts to defend the arsenal?
General Benjamin Lincoln
Did shay's attack before the troops arrived?
yes
What happened when Lincoln's troops arrived?
4 dead farmers, troops end rebellion
Was the the view of the wealthy during shay's rebellion?
viewed rebellion and unstable currency as unstable republic
What did the wealthy fear during Shays' rebellion?
fear state legislature as it became more democratic, feared it would weaken property and vote to take property from them and give to poor
What is the view of the poor during Shays' rebellion?
argued for a centralized government to correct injustices
what may have led to rebellions like shay's rebellion?
confederation's failure to deal with problems with trade and diplomacy
what is federalism?
state government share power with the national government
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