USA Civil Rights IGCSE Edexcel

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88 Terms

1

Capitalism

An economic system based on private ownership of capital

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2

Communism

A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state.

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3

Country that fell to communism in 1949

China

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4

Area where the Soviet Union expanded after 1945

Eastern Europe

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5

Country split between the Soviet Union and the West

Germany

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6

Type of weapon developed by the Soviet Union in 1949

Atomic bomb

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7

City that was cut off by Stalin in 1948

Berlin

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8

Plan introduced by the president to support Western Europe

Truman Doctrine

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9

Organisation formed in 1949 to stop the spread of communism

NATO

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10

HUAC

The House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) was an investigating committee which investigated what it considered un-American propaganda

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11

Federal Loyalty Review Board

during second red scare, truman made this committee to investigate members of government and dismiss those who were disloyal to u.s. government

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12

Hollywood Ten

Group of people in the film industry who were jailed for refusing to answer congressional questions regarding Communist influence in Hollywood

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13

Rosenbergs

Couple executed for giving military secrets to the Soviets in the 1950's

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14

Alger Hiss

A former State Department official who was accused of being a Communist spy and was convicted of perjury. The case was prosecuted by Richard Nixon.

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15

FBI

Used to investigate communists in the state department

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16

McCarran Act

required all communist organizations to register with the government and to provide lists of members

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17

Joseph McCarthy

1950s; Wisconsin senator claimed to have list of communists in American gov't, but no credible evidence

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18

Senator Tydings

Created a committee to prove McCarthy was fraud but was not elected again because McCarthy called him a communist after he stood up against McCarthy's false claims

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19

Group investigated by McCarthy that led to his downfall

Army

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20

Ed Murrow

TV show that investigated and questioned McCarthy's claims

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21

Plessy v. Ferguson

a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal

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22

Brown v. Board of Education

1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated.

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23

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

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24

CORE

Congress of Racial Equality

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25

SNCC

(Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee)-a group established in 1960 to promote and use non-violent means to protest racial discrimination

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26

MIA

Mississippi Improvement Association

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27

Deep south

Area of the USA synonymous with racism and segregation

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28

Jim Crow Laws

Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites

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29

Emmett Till

Murdered in 1955 for whistling at a white woman by her husband and his friends. They kidnapped him and brutally killed him. his death led to the American Civil Rights movement.

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30

Montgomery Bus Boycott

In 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Dr. Martin L. King led a boycott of city busses. After 11 months the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public transportation was illegal.

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31

Little Rock Nine

A group of students who were enrolled in a white high school on the basis of being black

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32

Orval Faubus

Arkansas governor who called out the National Guard to prevent nine black students from entering Little Rock's Central High School under federal court order.

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33

Earl Warren

Chief Justice during the 1950's and 1960's who used a loose interpretation to expand rights for both African-Americans and those accused of crimes.

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34

Thurgood Marshall

American civil rights lawyer, first black justice on the Supreme Court of the United States.

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35

Ku Klux Klan

White supremacist group, experienced a revival after Brown Vs Board

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36

BOYCOTT

refuse to buy

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37

Browder v. Gayle

(1956) Ended segregation in the public transportation system after the Montgomery Bus Boycott

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38

Rosa Parks

United States civil rights leader who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery (Alabama)

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39

Sit ins

protests by black college students, 1960-1961, who took seats at "whites only" lunch counters and refused to leave until served

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40

Greensboro

Site of the first lunch counter sit ins

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41

Open casket

Emmett Till had one of these, shocked the country

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42

National guard

Deployed by Eisenhower to resolve Little Rock

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43

70 per cent

Amount of bus users in Montgomery who were African American

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44

SCLC

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

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45

1957 Civil Rights Act

provided federal protection for blacks who wished to register to vote

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46

Filibuster

Tactic used by dixiecrats to delay the 1957 Civil Rights Act

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47

Dixiecrats

southern Democrats who opposed civil rights. They caused a split in the Democratic party.

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48

James Meredith

The first African American student at the University of Mississippi.

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49

Freedom Riders

Group of civil rights workers who took bus trips through southern states in 1961 to protest illegal bus segregation

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50

Anniston fire bombing

Attack on freedom riders in 1961

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51

Ross Barnett

Governor of Mississippi who tried to prevent James Meredith from entering Ole Miss, was extremely racist

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52

Bull Connor

Police official of Birmingham, AL. Was a member of the KKK and supported racial segregation.

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53

Birmingham

Alabama city against equal rights; peaceful marches in 1963 were broken up brutally by city police.

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54

Fire hoses and police dogs

Used against protestors in Birmingham in 1963

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55

Kennedy

Introduced civil rights bill and helped James Meredith get into Ole Mis

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56

Civil Rights Act of 1964

outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin

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57

Voting Rights Act of 1965

a law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African-American suffrage

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58

Selma March

Protest to register African American voters in the South, violence against protesters

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59

Freedom Summer

1964 effort to register African American voters in Mississippi

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60

Freedom summer murders

Murder of group of activists who tried to set help register voters

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61

March on Washington

held in 1963 to show support for the Civil Rights Bill in Congress. Martin Luther King gave his famous "I have a dream..." speech. 250,000 people attended the rally

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62

Malcolm X

Charismatic Black Muslim leader who promoted separatism in the early 1960s

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63

Nation of islam

A group of militant Black Americans who profess Islamic religious beliefs and advocate independence for Black Americans

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64

Elijah Muhammad

Leader of the Nation of Islam

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65

Stokely Carmichael

Coined the phrase "black power" and led SNCC away from a nonviolent approach.

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66

1968 Olympic Protest

Protest by two African American athletes who showed the black power salute

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67

Black panthers

a militant Black political party founded in 1965 to end political dominance by Whites. Used armed groups to defend black communities against police brutality

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68

Ten Point Program

A set of guidelines to the Black Panther Party's ideals and ways of operation, a "combination of a Bill of Rights and a Declaration of Independence."

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69

Watts Riots

week-long violence in LA after white cop struck black bystander during a traffic arrest

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70

Long Hot Summer (1967)

race riots similar to Watts in most major US cities

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71

Kerner Report

This commission, chaired by Otto Kerner, decided that the race riots were due to the formation of two different American cultures: inner-city Blacks and suburban Whites.

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72

Affirmative Action

Policy encouraged by Johnson to give African Americans more chance to get a higher education

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73

Bussing

transportation of students to school in an attempt to reduce racial segregation

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74

Reasons for the emergence of the student movement

Media, Disappointment with post war USA, emergence of teenager, new technology

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75

foreign policy aims of the student movement

End the war in Vietnam, nuclear disarmament

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76

SDS

Students for a Democratic Society

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77

Methods of SDS

Sit ins and rallies

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78

Free Speech Movement

Movement protesting policies instituted by the University of California at Berkeley that restricted free speech.

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79

Mario Savio

Early student activist and leader of the Free Speech Movement at the University of California (at Berkeley)

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80

Hey hey LBJ

"how many kids did you kill today?"

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81

Draft

A system of required military service that many protested about in the anti Vietnam protests

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82

Anti war musicians

Bob Dylan, Jimmy Hendrix

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83

Kent State Massacre

Four killed, nine wounded by Ohio National Guard during protest of U.S. invasion of Cambodia

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84

Nixon

Promised to end the war in Vietnam, ordered the Kent State shooting

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85

Woodstock

3 day rock concert in upstate N.Y. August 1969, exemplified the counterculture of the late 1960s. Nearly half a million attended.

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86

1969 march on washington

500,000 protest the Vietnam war

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87

Hippy Movement

Movement of people that valued freedom, nature, peace, sharing, and spirituality.

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88

Impact of anti war protests

Johnson did not run for reelection, Nixon introduced Vietnamization

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