enumerated powers frq

Taxation

Power to levy taxes, duties, imposts, and excises.

Borrowing

Authority to borrow money on the credit of the United States.

Commerce

Regulation of commerce with foreign nations, among the states, and with Native American tribes.

Naturalization and Bankruptcy

Establishment of rules for naturalization of citizens and laws on bankruptcies.

Coining Money

Power to coin money and regulate its value, as well as the value of foreign currency.

Counterfeiting

Punishment for counterfeiting securities and current coin.

Post Offices

Establishment of post offices and postal roads.

Patents and Copyrights:

Promotion of the progress of science and the arts by securing exclusive rights to authors and inventors.

Federal Courts

Establishment of inferior courts below the Supreme Court.

International Affairs

Definition and punishment of piracy and felonies committed on the high seas, and offenses against the law of nations.

War Powers

Declaration of war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water.

Army and Navy

Maintenance of an army and navy, and regulation of their funding.

Militia

Authority to call forth the militia to execute the laws, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions.

National Defense

Organization, arming, and disciplining the militia.

Elastic Clause

To make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers.