Studied by 2 people
Confucianism
A philosophy emphasizing hierarchical human society
Filial piety
Honoring one's parents and ancestors
Neo-Confucianism
Blend of Confucianism with Buddhist and Daoist ideas
Footbinding
Practice in Song China restricting women's rights
Imperial Bureaucracy
Government identity executing the emperor's will
Civil service exam
Merit-based system for bureaucratic jobs
Daoism
Philosophy focusing on nature, simple living, and withdrawal from the world
Buddhism
Religion emphasizing the Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path
Nirvana
Ultimate goal in Buddhism to dissolve into the oneness of the universe
Theravada Buddhism
Branch in Sri Lanka focusing on traditional teachings
Mahayana Buddhism
Branch in East Asia emphasizing compassion and enlightenment
Silk Road
Network facilitating trade and cultural exchange across Eurasia
Caravanserai
Rest stops on the Silk Road for cultural exchange
Gunpowder Empires
Land-based empires expanding with gunpowder weapons
Safavid Empire
Shi'a Muslim state with religious conflicts
Mughal Empire
Sunni empire known for religious tolerance and prosperity
Qing Dynasty
Ethnically Han Chinese dynasty succeeding the Ming
Devshirme system
Ottoman practice of enslaving and training bureaucrats
Zamindar system
Mughal system of local tax collectors
Protestant Reformation
Movement led by Martin Luther against Catholic practices
Columbian Exchange
The transfer of new diseases, food, plants, and animals between the Eastern and Western hemispheres, leading to a massive change in history.
Cash cropping
A method of agriculture where food is grown primarily for export to other places.
Mercantilism
A state-driven economic system emphasizing the buildup of mineral wealth by maintaining a favorable balance of trade.
Enlightenment
An intellectual movement applying rationalism and empiricist approaches to understand the natural world and human relationships.
Industrial Revolution
The transition from primarily agrarian economies to industrial economies, starting in Great Britain in the 18th century.
Social Darwinism
A concept suggesting that humans can be hierarchically ranked in distinct biological classes based on race, influenced by Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection.
Nationalism
A sense of pride and loyalty to one's nation, often leading to political movements for independence or unification.
Social Contract
The idea that human societies, endowed with natural rights, must construct governments to protect these rights.
Laissez Faire
A policy of minimal government interference in the economy, allowing markets to operate freely.
Settler Colonies
Colonies where imperial powers claim already inhabited territories and send their own people to establish settlements.
Empire Expansion
The process of extending influence over territories like Korea, Manchuria, and parts of China.
Direct Resistance
Active opposition to imperial powers due to questions about political authority and growing nationalism.
Export Economies
Economies focused on exporting raw materials or goods for distant markets to serve imperial interests.
Economic Imperialism
Extending control over states through economic means, as seen in the Opium Wars.
Convict Labor
Labor arrangement where individuals work for a set period in exchange for passage to a destination.
Trench Warfare
Military strategy involving protective trenches, often leading to a stalemate during WW1.
Total War
Conflict requiring the mobilization of a country's entire population, both military and civilian, as seen in WW1.
Facism
Political philosophy characterized by extreme nationalism and authoritarian leadership, used notably by Mussolini and Hitler.
Nonviolent Resistance
Peaceful opposition to oppressive regimes, exemplified by figures like Gandhi, MLK, and Mandela.
Glasnost
Policy of "openness" allowing dissent and criticism against the government, part of Gorbachev's reforms in the USSR.
Ceased Military Intervention
The Soviet Union decided to stop using military force to support communist governments in its sphere of influence.
Fall of the Berlin Wall (1989)
The event that led to the reunification of Germany.
Gunpowder
A significant element in this historical period.
