Phys. Chapter 11 Vocab

Aorta

largest artery in the body; leaves the left ventricle

Apex

bottom of the heart; directed toward left hip and rests on diaphragm

Arteries

carry blood away from the heart

Arterioles

carries blood away from the heart; smaller than arteries

Atria

chambers that receive blood; fill ventricles; blood enters with low pressure

Atrioventricular Valves (AV Valves)

between ventricle and artery; mitril/bicuspid and tricuspid; anchored in cusps by CT, open during relaxation, closed during ventricular contraction

Bicuspid Valve

aka the mitral valve; separates the left atrium and ventricle

Blood Pressure

the pressure the blood exerts against the inner walls of blood vessels; the force that causes blood to continue to flow

Bundle of His

delays the nervous impulse; where the bundle fibers split from

Capillary Beds

vessels that play a role in exchanges between tissues and blood

Cardiac Cycle

one complete heartbeat

Cardiac Output

amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in 1 minute; heart rate X stroke volume

Chordae Tendineae

“heart strings”; anchors the valves to the heart walls

Coronary Arteies

branch from the aorta to supply the heart with oxygenated blood

Diastole

relaxation; pressure when ventricles relax; pressure ranges from 70-80 mm Hg

Ductus Arteriosus

connects aorta and pulmonary trunk in fetuses

Endocardium

innermost later of the heart walls; “endothelium”

Epicardium

outside layer for the heart walls; “visceral pericardium”

Foramen Ovale

a shunt where blood flows from right atrium directly to left in fetuses

Great Sephenous Vein

longest vein in the body; goes down the legs

Heart Rate

75 beats per minute

Heart Sounds

lub- longer, louder caused by the AV valves closing; dup- short, sharp caused by the semilunar valves closing

Hepatic Portal Vein

drains the digestive organs and travels through the liver

Hypertension

high blood pressure; elevated arterial pressure of 140-190 mm Hg; warns of increased peripheral resistance

Hypotension

low blood pressure; below 100 mm Hg; associated with illness; maybe a warning sign for circulatory shock

Inferior Vena Cava

drains the lower body

Interventricular Septum

separates the two ventricles longitudinally

Mediastinum

section of the body located in the anterior thoracic cavity

Mitral Valve

valve between the left atrium and ventricle; aka the bicuspid valve

Myocardium

middle layer of the heart wall; mostly cardiac muscle

Pacemaker

aka the sinotrial node

Pericardium

covers the heart; double-walled sack

Peripheral Resistance

the amount of friction blood encounters as it flows through vessels

Pulmonary Circulation

blood flows from the right of the heart to the lungs and back through the left

Pulmonary Trunk

drains the right ventricle; splits into the pulmonary arteries and takes blood to the lungs; brings the blood back via pulmonary veins

Pulmonary Veins

bring blood back from the lungs; drains into the left atrium

Purkinje Fibers

spread along the walls of the ventricles; carry impulses to beat the heart

Semilunar Valves

between ventricle and artery; pulmonary and aortic; closed during relaxation, open during ventricular contraction

Sinoatrial Node

in the right atrium; “pacemaker”

Stroke Volume

volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one contraction

Superior Vena Cava

drains the head and arms

Systematic Circulation

oxygen-rich blood returns to left side of heart; blood gets pumped out of the aorta to the rest of the body

Systole

contraction; pressure in arteries at peak of ventricular contraction; ranges fro 110-140 mm Hg

Tricuspid Valve

separates the right atrium and ventricle

Valves

allow or restrict blood flow inside of the heart and at the openings of veins or arteries

Vasoconstriction

narrowing of blood vessels

Veins

carry blood toward the heart

Ventricles

discharging chambers; blood exits here; thick-walled

Venules

vessels that return toward the heart; smaller than veins

Vital Signs

measurements of arterial pressure, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and body temp