Chapter 6: Impacts of Linear Momentum

impact force

A(n) ________ is the force exerted on an object when it collides with another object.

net force

The ________ acting on a system is the vector sum of all internal and external forces acting on the system.

inelastic collision

During a(n) ________, the total momentum of the system is conserved, but the total kinetic energy is not.

elastic collision

In a(n) ________, the total kinetic energy of the system is conserved.

law of conservation of

The ________ linear momentum states that the total momentum of a closed system is conserved.

Elastic collisions

________ are rare in real- world situations, as some energy is usually lost as heat or sound.

elastic collision

During a(n) ________, the momentum of each object is conserved.

When a cannon fires a cannonball, the cannon will recoil backward because the

momentum of the cannonball and cannon is conserved.

A freight car moves along a frictionless level railroad track at constant speed. The car is open on top. A large load of coal is suddenly dumped into the car. What happens to the velocity of the car?

It decreases

A small object collides with a large object and sticks. Which object experiences the larger magnitude of momentum change?

Both objects experience the same magnitude of momentum change.

A very light object moving with speed v collides head-on with a very heavy object at rest, in a frictionless environment. The collision is almost perfectly elastic. The speed of the heavy object after the collision is

Much less than v

A handball of mass 0.10 kg, traveling horizontally at 30 m/s, strikes a wall and rebounds at 24 m/s. What is the change in the momentum of the ball?

5\.4 kg m/s

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A 0.060 kg tennis ball, initially moving at a 12 m/s, is struck by a racket causing it to rebound in the opposite direction at a speed of 18 m/s. What is the change in momentum of the ball?

1\.8 kg m/s

A small car meshes with a large truck in a head-on collision. Which of the following statements concerning the magnitude of the average collision force is correct?

The small car and the truck experience the same average force

What is the SI unit of momentum?

N s

 rubber ball and a lump of putty have equal mass. They are thrown with equal speed against a wall. The ball bounces back with nearly the same speed with which it hit. The putty sticks to the wall. Which objects experiences the greater momentum change?

the ball

Two objects collide and bounce off each other. Linear momentum

is definitely conserved

A child falls sideways off a sled while sledding on frictionless ice. What happens to the velocity of the sled? A) It increases. B) It remains the same. C) It decreases. D) cannot be determined from the information given

B

elastic collision

In these collisions, kinetic energy is conserved as well as momentum

center of mass

The point in a system about which all the mass is balanced. It is found by taking the weighted average of all points of mass along each axis.

impulse

This is change in momentum. This represents the effect of a force acting on a mass during a time interval change in t, and is likewise a vector quantity. This can be found by taking the area under a graph of force versus time.

law of conservation of linear momentum

The change in the sum of the momenta is zero, implying that the sum of the total momentum for the system is a constant.

elastic collision

In these collisions, kinetic energy is conserved as well as momentum

inelastic

In these collisions, kinetic energy is not conserved.