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The discovery of gold in California in __________ led thousands to migrate west in search of wealth.
1848
The __________ was a meeting of Southern leaders in 1850 to discuss their response to the Compromise of 1850.
Nashville Convention
A plan proposed by Henry Clay to admit California as a free state while strengthening the __________ to appease the South was known as the Compromise of 1850.
Fugitive Slave Act
The __________ was part of the Compromise of 1850, requiring Northerners to assist in capturing and returning runaway slaves.
Fugitive Slave Act
The __________ was a network of abolitionists that helped enslaved people escape to freedom.
Underground Railroad
____________ was an escaped enslaved woman who was a key conductor of the Underground Railroad.
Harriet Tubman
____________ is a novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe that exposed the horrors of slavery and galvanized Northern abolitionist sentiment.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
The __________ allowed the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide the issue of slavery through popular sovereignty.
Kansas-Nebraska Act
The violent aftermath of the Kansas-Nebraska Act is referred to as __________.
Bleeding Kansas
____________ was an abolitionist who led violent attacks in Kansas as well as a failed raid on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry.
John Brown
The __________ is the incident where Senator Charles Sumner was beaten nearly to death by Congressman Preston Brooks, symbolizing the growing violence over slavery.
Sumner-Brooks Incident
The __________ was a Supreme Court ruling that declared enslaved people were property with no rights.
Dred Scott Decision
The __________ were a series of debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas focusing on slavery’s morality.
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
John Brown’s failed attempt to seize a federal arsenal in Virginia is known as __________.
Harpers Ferry
The __________ refers to Abraham Lincoln’s election as president, which led Southern states to secede from the Union.
Election of 1860
The site of the Civil War’s first battle was __________, where Confederates fired on a Union supply ship.
Fort Sumter
The __________ was the Union’s strategy to win the Civil War by blockading Southern ports.
Anaconda Plan
The South’s belief that their cotton exports would secure support from European powers during the Civil War is referred to as __________.
“King Cotton”
The battle at __________ was a major Union victory in Maryland that gave Lincoln confidence to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
Antietam
The __________ was Lincoln’s declaration that enslaved people in Confederate-held territories were free.
Emancipation Proclamation
The massive battle at __________ was a turning point in the Civil War that marked the Confederate army’s retreat from the North.
Gettysburg
The capture of __________ by the Union split the Confederacy in half and secured Union control of the Mississippi River.
Vicksburg
Union General William Sherman’s campaign through Georgia and South Carolina is known as __________.
Sherman’s March to the Sea
The site where General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant, effectively ending the Civil War, was __________.
Appomattox Court House
The __________ was an all-Black regiment in the Union army that symbolized African American contributions to the war effort.
Massachusetts 54th
The __________ were violent protests in New York City against the Union draft by Irish immigrants.
NYC Draft Riots
____________ were Northern Democrats who opposed the Civil War and Lincoln’s policies.
Copperheads
Organizations that provided medical supplies and support for Union soldiers during the Civil War were known as __________.
Sanitary Commissions
____________ was Lincoln’s lenient plan for Reconstruction requiring 10% of voters to pledge loyalty.
Presidential Reconstruction
The __________ abolished slavery in the United States.
13th Amendment
Laws passed by Southern states after the Civil War to restrict the rights of African Americans were known as __________.
Black Codes
____________ was a leader of the Radical Republicans who fought for civil rights during Reconstruction.
Thaddeus Stevens
The __________ granted citizenship and equal protection to African Americans, later solidified by the 14th Amendment.
Civil Rights Act, 1866
The __________ required Senate approval for the president to remove certain officials, leading to Johnson’s impeachment.
Tenure of Office Act
The __________ divided the South into military districts to enforce civil rights during Reconstruction.
Military Reconstruction Act
The __________ guaranteed citizenship and equal protection under the law to all people born in the U.S.
14th Amendment
The __________ guaranteed voting rights regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
15th Amendment
The __________ was created to assist freed African Americans with education, jobs, and basic needs during Reconstruction.
Freedmen’s Bureau
____________ refers to Northerners who moved to the South after the Civil War, often seeking opportunities.
Carpetbaggers
____________ were Southern whites who supported Reconstruction and the Republican Party.
Scalawags
____________ was the first African American senator in U.S. history, elected during Reconstruction.
Hiram Revels
The promise of __________ was made to freed African Americans during the Civil War, but was largely unfulfilled.
40 Acres and a Mule
____________ is an agricultural system where freed African Americans worked land owned by others in exchange for a share of the crops.
Sharecropping
____________ were Southern Democrats who sought to restore white supremacy and end Reconstruction reforms.
Redeemers
The _________ is a white supremacist organization formed during Reconstruction to intimidate African Americans.
Ku Klux Klan
The __________ was an attack in 1873 where over 100 African Americans were killed by white supremacists.
Colfax Massacre
The __________ was a financial crisis that led to a loss of interest in funding Reconstruction.
Panic of 1873
The __________ is an agreement that resolved the disputed 1876 presidential election by ending Reconstruction.
Compromise of 1877
The Supreme Court decision in __________ upheld racial segregation under the ‘separate but equal’ doctrine.
Plessy vs. Ferguson
____________ were measures used in the South to disenfranchise African Americans through fees or literacy exams.
Poll Taxes/Literacy Tests
