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The document outlines key revolutions from 1750 to 1900, highlighting various ideologies such as liberalism, socialism, and nationalism. It discusses significant events like the American, French, and Haitian revolutions, emphasizing the influence of Enlightenment thinkers. The document also covers the roles of women in these movements, the impact of Creole revolutions in Latin America, and the unification of Italy and Germany, concluding with the global consequences of these changes on the balance of power in Europe.
Liberalism
A belied that government can and should achieve justice and equality of opportunity.
Republicanism
a theory of government that emphasizes the participation of citizens for the common good of the community
Progressive
A belied that personal freedom and solving social problems are more important than religion
Conservatism
A political or theological orientation advocating the preservation of the best in society and opposing radical changes
Nationalism
A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one’s country
Imperialism
A policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
Socialism
A system in which society, usually in the form of government, owns and controls the means of production.
Capitalism
An economic system based on private ownership of capital
Consumerism
the protection or promotion of the interests of consumers.
Communism
a form of socialism that abolishes private ownership
Empircism
the idea that we learn about the world mainly through what we see, hear, and experience.
Deism
The religion of the Enlightenment(1700s). Followers believed that God existed and had created the world, but that afterwards He left it to run by its own natural laws.
abolitionism
a political movement centered around ending slavery.
feminism
a female movement for gender equality
Zionism
a policy for establishing and developing a national homeland for Jews in Palestine.
Antisemitism
hostility to or prejudice against Jews.
Ultilitarianism
idea that the goal of society should be to bring about the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people
Hobbes
Leviathan: “Life was nasty, brutish, short.” A strong government was needed to impose law and order, and harsh punishment was needed.
Locke
Two Treatises of Government, social contracts theory, natural rights. “Life, liberty, property”, advocated tabula rosa theory.
Adam Smith
Scottish economist who wrote the Wealth of Nations a precursor to modern Capitalism. Laissez-faire capitalism, invisible hand of market force.
Salon
Informal social gatherings at which writers, artists, philosophes, and others exchanged ideas
philosophes
Writers and political theorist during the Enlightenment(18th century) and who popularized the new ideas of the time.
Baron Montesquieu
“Sprit of Laws”. republican gov’t. Defined theory of separation powers as well as checks and balances.
Voltaire
French philosopher. He believed that freedom of speech was the best weapon against bad government. He also spoke out against the corruption of the French government, and the intolerance of the Catholic Church.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
“Social Contract” he explained an ideal society were each community member would vote on issues and majority would become one law.
Thomas Jefferson
Wrote the Declaration of Independence natural rights: life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness
Benjamin Franklin
American intellectual, inventor, and politician. He helped to negotiate French support for the American Revolution. Published the Pennsylvania Gazette and Poor Richard’s Almanac.
Thomas Paine
Author of Common Sense republican gov’t, opposes tyranny, and advocates the natural law/rights.
Madame Du Deffand
Famous salonnier, female salon host. Hosted many reputable philosophes.
Olympus de Gouges
A playwright who published declaration of the rights of women and citizens 1791, pushed to add women to the rights advocated by revolutionary France
Mary Wollstonecraft
A vindication of the rights of women, educated, advocated strongly for equal rights, and voting rights in England.
Stanton and Mott
Seneca falls convention, declaration of dentiments
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