OIA1013 (TERMS) DRUG ABSORPTION

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55 Terms

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Drug Absorption

Movement of drugs into the central compartment.

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Bioavailability

Fraction of administered drug reaching systemic circulation.

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Small Intestine

Primary site for drug absorption in humans.

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Plicae Circularis

Folds in the intestine increasing surface area.

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Villi

Finger-like projections enhancing intestinal absorption.

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Passive Diffusion

Movement of drugs across membranes without energy.

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Active Transport

Energy-dependent movement of larger drug molecules.

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Physicochemical Factors

Drug properties affecting absorption rate and extent.

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Gastrointestinal Transit Time

Time drugs spend in the gastrointestinal tract.

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GIT pH

Acidity affecting drug dissolution and absorption.

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Gastric Emptying

Rate at which stomach contents enter the intestine.

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Bile Fluid

Enhances absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins.

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Bacterial Microflora

Gut bacteria aiding in drug metabolism and absorption.

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Lymphatic Absorption

Absorption route for highly lipophilic drugs.

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Intestinal Drug Transporters

Proteins mediating drug uptake and efflux.

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Drug Stability

Resistance to degradation in gastrointestinal environments.

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Disintegration

Process of dosage form breaking into smaller particles.

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Dissolution

Rate at which drug dissolves in gastrointestinal fluids.

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Ionization State

Charge of a drug affecting its absorption.

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Molecular Weight (MW)

Higher MW reduces drug bioavailability.

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Lipophilicity

Drug's affinity for lipid environments.

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Log P

Partition coefficient for neutral compounds' lipophilicity.

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Log D

Distribution coefficient considering ionization at pH.

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Excipients

Inactive substances aiding drug formulation and absorption.

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Saquinavir

Antiretroviral requiring food for enhanced absorption.

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Griseofulvin

Best absorbed with high-fat meals.

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Transport Proteins

Facilitate drug movement across biological membranes.

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First-Pass Metabolism

Drug metabolism occurring before systemic circulation.

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Physicochemical interactions

Influence drug dissolution, stability, and bioavailability.

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Enteric coating

Material allowing drug release in the small intestine.

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Delayed-release component

Allows repeated action of medication over time.

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Enteric polymers

Remain insoluble at low pH, dissolve at pH 5.0-5.5.

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Sustained release

Delivers drug at a programmed rate over time.

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pH

Measure of hydrogen ion concentration in solution.

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pKa

pH where half molecules are ionized, half unionized.

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Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

Relates pH, pKa, and ionization of weak acids/bases.

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pH partition theory

Ionized and unionized drug concentrations vary by pH.

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Drug-drug interactions

Altered drug response due to co-administered drugs.

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Pharmacokinetic interactions

Change plasma drug concentrations affecting efficacy.

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Pharmacodynamic interactions

Synergism or antagonism between co-administered drugs.

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Drug-disease interactions

Drugs beneficial in one disease may harm another.

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Drug-nutrient interactions

Nutrients alter drug effects and absorption.

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Inhalation absorption

Fast absorption via large surface area in lungs.

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Sublingual absorption

Rapid entry into circulation via superior vena cava.

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Subcutaneous absorption

Influenced by drug properties and injection factors.

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Intramuscular absorption

Rate affected by drug lipophilicity and muscle factors.

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Intraperitoneal absorption

Absorbed into mesenteric vessels, may undergo metabolism.

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Rectal absorption

Upper rectum undergoes first-pass metabolism; lower bypasses.

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Transdermal absorption

Drug penetrates skin for systemic circulation.

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Transepidermal pathway

Route for drug penetration through the skin.

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Transappendegeal pathway

Alternative route for drug absorption via skin appendages.

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Hydrophilic solutes

Transported via intracellular route in skin.

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Lipophilic solutes

Diffuse through inter-cellular spaces in skin.

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Aspirin pKa

Weak acid with pKa of 4.5, absorbed in stomach.

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Strychnine pKa

Weak base with pKa of 9.5, absorbed in G.I. tract.