Vet sci 3

Intubation period

From infection to early signs

Intubation period for strangles

3-14 days

What type of infectious disease is strangled

Bacteria strep equi equi

What is a CVI

Certificate of veterinary inspection (30 days)

Strangles can live on anything.

Strangles fever

2-6 days

Strangles morbidity is high

Strangles mortality is less than 1%

Treatment for Strangles now

Antibiotics as soon as possible

Old school strangles treatment

Dont give antibiotics before peripheral lymph nodes rupture

Low fever is good but High fever is dangerous 102 vs 104

How long can a horse be a carrier for strangles

6 months

Strangles vaccine

A live vaccination given nasally or orally

Pennicle

A strangles vaccine that has to come into contact with mucous membranes

IGG

antibodies immunoglubin

IGA

Found in nasal passages

Guttural pouches

Pockets in nasal passages (things get in and can not come out)

EHV1 and IV and III

Equine herpes virus upper repiratory disease infects young horses, broodmares, snotty fever, and 1 causes abortions

Influenza

Raspatory disease in horse needs supportive care

Naive

unvaccinated or has no immune response

Ataxia

Not mobile so lameness or paralysis

Cide

To kill

Animals can have an immune system against parasites

Immunity results by natural exposure to disease or by vaccinations

Immunity protection is for a specific disease

What is an antigen

Substance that causes immunity

What is an antibody

Substance produced by body that results in immunity

Antibody is for that specific antigen

IgG

Most prevalant circulates in blood 85%

IgA

mostly in nasal passages and mucous membranes (local) 15%

No vaccine is absolutely safe

No vaccine is effective all the time

What can immunity be overcome by

Massive exposure, highly virulent strains, stress

Stress hormone

Cortisol

Primary response is vaccine can take almost two weeks for highest response

Secondary response is booster highest result after a week

How does immunity work

T cells recognizes antigen and takes it to other immune cells for replications. It then attacks the antigen and if it works they will mass produce it

It takes weeks to get small antibody response

Natural exposure is better than vaccines

Natural Active

Exposure to disease

Natural passive

placenta and colostrum

Artificial active

Vaccine

Artificial passive

Antiserum

Farm animals do not get IgG from placenta

Live vaccines

Avirulent, virulent, attenuated

Inactivated vaccine (killed)

Chemically or physically killed

Toxoids

Type of vaccine for tetanus etc

Bacterins

Type of vaccine like a clostridial 7 way

MLV

Faster and more of an antibody response

Adjuvants

Slow absorption to increase antigenic response (causes inflammation)

Aluminum hydroxide

Calcium phosphate

Oil

Efficacy

How effective the vaccine is

Autogenous vaccines

“self origin” take sample and give it back

Organism isolated from the herd, grown in lab and killed vaccine, vaccination of origin

Reasons for vaccine failure

Exposure previous to vaccination (incubation period)

Massive exposure

Development of new strains (mutations)

Incorrect route of administrations or dosage

Use of damaged vaccines

Improperly sanitized equipment

Concurrent stress

Stress causes immune suppression

Routes of administration

PO- per os- Oral

IM IV SQ

Intra mamary- in teats

IO- intra ocular

Topical

IU- intra uterine

No more than 10 CC in a location

Handling vaccines

Discard mult dose vaccines after use

Store in fridge

After reconstituting vaccine-use immediately

Watch expiration date

Follow instructions

Keep record of vaccines

Dont use soap or disinfectant on something that vaccines will come in contact with

Chronic stress/ prolonged stress is worse

Veins

thinned walled and go to heart

Arteries are thick walled and goes from heart

Castrate as early as possible

Nerve supply to neonatal is not fully developed

Dont have to give tetanus shot to neonatal banding

The longer the testicles are attached to the animal the more attached the animal is to the testicles

Polled

No horns

Post Op dehorning

No hay bales (nothing in holes), lidocaine

If infection

lavage

Tools for dehorning

Gigly wire or OB wire

Can only ingest colostrum up to 24 hours

IgG is large protein

How does calves recieve colostrum

Calves small intestine start with pores/ small holes to let Ig into bloodstream and close at 24 hours

FPT

Failure of passive transfer

Looks of colostrum

Bring yellow and sticky due to IgG

Calves can not make antibodies weeks to months

Best to worst sources of colostrum

Beef cow, beef heifer, dairy cow, dairy heifer

Johanes Disease

Common in dairy by getting colostrum from dairy it might get passed to a beef herd

Best sources of colostrum

Fresh heifer (mom), Fresh herd mate, Fresh other herd, Frozen your herd (beef), Frozen different herd (beef), Dairy (fresh or frozen), Another viable species, Commercial colostrum

Colostrum replacement/substitute

high in IgG above 50

Colostrum supplement

low amount of IgG less than 50

Quarentine longer than the incubation period of most probable disease

min 2 weeks max month 3 weeks is perfect