Properties of liquids and Solids (Unit 3 CHEM)

Vapor pressure

The pressure of the vapor above the surface of a liquid. Inverse to IMF

Heat of vaporization

The energy in IMF that must be overcome for a liquid on the surface to vaporize. Direct to IMF

Evaporation Rate

How quickly a liquid will vaporize from the surface of a liquid. Inverse to IMF

Boiling point

Liquids boil when the atmospheric pressure equals the vapor pressure of the liquid. Direct to IMF

Surface Tension

An inward force reduces the surface area of liquid. Directly related to IMFs

Viscosity

The tendency of a liquid to resist pouring. Direct to IMF

• decreases w/ temp

Capillary Action 

Liquid climbs the walls of the container. Direct to IMF

Metallic Solids

• Metal elements in metallic bonds (Na, Ca, Zn, Sn)- in s and d blocks on left side of PT

• malleable, all conductive

Ionic Solids

• Compounds of metal and non-metal (CaS, LiF, FeCl3)

• Hard, brittle, high melting point

Covalent Network Solids

• Giant molecules! – diamond, graphite, quartz, glass, SiO2

• Non metals on right side of PT (covalent bonds only)

Molecular solids

• Small molecules (CBr4, CO2, PCl5, dry ice, regular ice)

• Classified by IMFs and covalent bonds

• low melting points