AP human summer vocab

Patriarchy

domination by males, early societies started to show signs of this

Agricultural revolution

humans began to plant crops and raise animals for food. This change happened after the climate was warming from the ice age in about 8000 BC. Surplus of food. Allowed for specialization of jobs.

Animism

Hinduism

polytheistic and monotheistic depending on who you ask. Origins go back 3500 years ago. People called Aryans from the north of himilayan mountains migrated south to india and pakistan, spoke indo european language and brought scriptures called vedas. Reincarnation. Caste system.

Zoroastrianism

monotheistic. Developed in Persia, focuses on human free will and eternal battle between good and evil.

Judaism

Most influetnal example of monotheism. Founded by Abraham who lived 4000 years ago. Earliest people were Hebrews or Israelites. Believe they have entered into a covenant with God and are his chosen people. Old Testament is main source of teaching.

Silk Roads

Land routes in Eurasia which goods and ideas flowed through. These trade routes fostered the development of great cities and cultures.

Buddhism

Most influental development in South Asia founded by siddhartha guatama. He meditated for days after leaving his family of wealth and said he understood the cause of human suffering calling himself “the enlightened one”. Doctorines are the 4 noble truths which seek to eliminate suffering by following the eightfold path which requires meditation, reflection, and refrain from earthly pleasures. Nirvana is end of reincarnation. Rejected cast system and became popular with lower class. Spread by missionaries and merchants on silk roads. Monastic and universilizing.

Mauryan

First period of unity in south asia under Ashoka. Promoted tax system and roads to connect commercial systems. Inscribed edicts on pillars. Converted from hinduism to buddhism, which helped spread the faith through india. His death led to political decentralization.

Gupta empire

Second period of unity in south asia. 320-550 AD. “Golden age” of india. United under central gov. in Pataliputra. Advances in medicine such as inoculations (vaccination) to prevent disease. Mathematicians developed a numbering system 0-9 which is used throughout the world today. Patriarchal social structure. Supported hinduism which led to its impact on india today.

Mandate of Heaven

Legacy of the Zhou Dynasty. The idea that heaven or some universal force provided the justification for an emperor and his family ruling China. If heaven was unhappy, there would be natural disasters. Led to several uprisings in China.

Confucious

Born in 551 BC. Real name is kung fu-tzu but westernized name is confucious. Lived around the time of buddha

Confucianism

Teachings of confucious written down by Analects describe how people should behave in everyday life. Do not focus on a being or deity. Focused on education, virtue, and respect for authority. Patriarchal structure. Filial piety, duty of those to honor ancestors.

Daoism

A second response to chaos of the warring states period. Focused on how people could live in harmony with nature. Emphasized internal reflection rather than external behavior like confucianism.

Qin dynasty

221 BCe- 207 BCe (15 years) NOT DONE

Han dynasty

206 BCe- 220 CE (AD, 425 years) NOT DONE