OCR Gateway Chemistry A - Particles Revision Guide

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Particle Theory of Matter

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19 Terms

1

Particle Theory of Matter

The theory that states that all matter is made up of small particles and is used to explain the physical characteristics of the states of matter.

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2

Melting Point

The temperature at which a substance changes state from solid to liquid.

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3

Boiling Point

The temperature at which a substance changes state from liquid to gas.

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4

Forces of Attraction

The forces that exist between particles and can be overcome by providing energy during a change of state.

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5

Particle Arrangement and Movement

The different arrangements and movements of particles in solids, liquids, and gases.

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6

Properties of Solids

Fixed volume and shape, particles close together, low energy, and cannot be easily compressed.

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7

Properties of Liquids

Fixed volume but variable shape, particles can flow and slip/slide over each other, greater energy than solids, and cannot be easily compressed.

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8

Properties of Gases

No fixed shape or volume, particles are far apart, move quickly without direction, high energy, and can be compressed.

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9

Physical Changes

Changes in states of matter that are easily reversible.

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10

Chemical Changes

Changes in matter that result in the formation of a new substance and are usually not easily reversible.

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11

Limitations of the Particle Model

The particle model fails to consider forces of attraction between particles, size of particles, and the presence of space between particles.

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12

Atom

The smallest part of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element.

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13

Atomic Model

Different models proposed by scientists to explain the structure of atoms.

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14

Mass Number

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.

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15

Atomic Number

The number of protons in an atom.

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16

Ion

An atom that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a positive or negative charge.

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17

Isotopes

Atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number but different mass numbers due to a difference in the number of neutrons.

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18

Subatomic Particles

Protons, neutrons, and electrons that make up an atom.

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19

Calculating Numbers of Subatomic Particles

The process of determining the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in an atom using the atomic number and mass number.

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