An Introduction to Genetic Analysis

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts related to gene regulation and chromatin structure in eukaryotic organisms.

Gene Regulation

The process by which cells control the expression of genes, often through mechanisms involving regulatory proteins and DNA.

Eukaryotes

Organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes, unlike prokaryotes, which lack a nucleus.

Chromatin

A complex of DNA and protein found in eukaryotic cells that packages DNA into a small volume to fit in the nucleus.

Transcription Factors

Proteins that help initiate or regulate the transcription of genes by binding to nearby DNA.

Coregulators

Proteins that are necessary for the action of hormone receptors and other transcription factors.

Euchromatin

A less condensed form of chromatin that is generally associated with active gene transcription.

Heterochromatin

A tightly packed form of DNA associated with gene silencing, usually found in regions of the genome that are transcriptionally inactive.

Epigenetic Marks

Chemical modifications to DNA or histones that affect gene expression without altering the DNA sequence.

Methylation

The addition of a methyl group to DNA, often suppressing gene expression when it occurs in gene promoters.

Alternative Splicing

A process by which a single gene can code for multiple proteins by varying the way exons are joined.

RNA interference (RNAi)

A biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression or translation, often by destroying specific mRNA molecules.

X Chromosome Inactivation (XCI)

A process by which one of the two X chromosomes in females is randomly inactivated, balancing gene dosage between sexes.