Earthquake and Tsunami

Earthquake

A sudden movement of the ground that releases energy in rocks and generates seismic waves.

Ground Shaking

The vibration of the ground during an earthquake, usually recorded in terms of intensity.

Earthquake-induced Landslides

A wide range of ground movement during an earthquake, including rock fall and debris fall.

Liquefaction

The mixing of sand or soil with groundwater during the shaking of a moderate or strong earthquake.

Surface Rupture

The offset of the ground surface when a fault rupture extends to the surface, indicating earthquake faults that have reached the surface.

Tsunami

Large waves formed when ocean water is suddenly displaced, often caused by events like landslides or volcanic eruptions.

Causes of Tsunami

Events such as landslides occurring under the ocean or coastal landslides displacing ocean water, as well as volcanic eruptions or explosions.

Natural Signs of an Impending Tsunami

Ground shaking, loud roaring sounds, and water receding unusually far from the coast, which can serve as warnings of an approaching tsunami.

Preparations

Steps to take before and during a tsunami, including learning about the risk, knowing evacuation plans, and creating a family emergency plan.

Evacuate

The action of leaving an area immediately in response to a tsunami warning or natural signs, as waiting for an official warning can be dangerous.