Earthquake and Tsunami

Earthquake

  • sudden movement of the ground that releases energy in rocks and generate seismic waves

Earthquake Hazards

  1. Ground Shaking

  • vibration of ground

  • usually recorded in terms of intensity


  1. Earthquake-induced Landslides

  • a wide range of ground movement

  • rock fall

  • debris fall


  1. Liquefaction

  • occurs when sand or oil and groundwater are mix during the shaking of a moderate or strong earthquake


  1. Surface Rupture

  • offset of the ground surface when fault rupture extends to the surface

  • earthquake faults that have reached the surfaced


  1. Tsunami

  • may occur when ocean water is displaced suddenly causing the formation of waves that reach the shore in large heights

Tsunami 

  • may occur when ocean water is displaced suddenly causing the formation of waves that reach the shore in large heights

Causes of Tsunami

  • Landslide

  • includes landslides occurring under the ocean and coastal landslides displacing ocean water


  • Volcanic Eruption / Explosion

  • any submarine or coastal volcanic activity and products

  • include explosions, large volcanic debris avalanche and massive pyroclastic flows


Natural Signs of an Impending Tsunami

  • Ground Shaking

  • severe ground shaking from local earthquakes may cause tsunamis


  • Loud Roaring

  • hear an unusual roaring sound

  • an approaching tsunami can create loud “roaring” sound similar to train / jet


  • Water Receeding Unusually Far

  • water may recede from the coast, exposing the ocean floor, reefs, and fish before returning as a fast-moving wall of water (tsunami)


  • Natural warnings are often the first sign of a tsunami and reacting to them could save your life.


  • Do not wait for an official warning, evacuate immediately. 

Preparations

  • Before

  • if you live near or visit a coastal area, learn about the risk of a tsunami

  • learn the signs of an impending tsunami

  • know and practice community evacuation plans, map out your routes from coming from your house, work, and other areas

  • create a family emergency plan with all your family members


  • During 

  • protect yourself first from an earthquake if you are in a tsunami area

  • if there is a warning from the officials, move immediately to a safe place as high and from the inland as possible

  • follow the advice of teachers when in school

  • ensure your entire family is aware of the warning