Plasmodesmata
Channel between cells, allows for transport of nutrients and other vital organelles
Plastids(chloroplasts)
Location of photosynthesis, abundance of chlorophyll
amyloplasts
starch biosynthesis and storage
vacuole
remove waste and maintain water balance
stomata
acts as a pore to regulate gases
guard cells
open and close stomata by pulling apart and pushing together
Trichome
hairs that protect plants from outside harms
parenchyma
location of photosynthesis and food storage; makes up most plant tissue ; loose cells
collenchyma
provides structural support and flexibility; condensed and provides stretch
sclerenchyma
small fibers that are dead and provide structural support
sclerenchyma- sclereids
mechanical support and protection(stiffness); dead; provides gritty texture
sclerenchyma fibers
provide structural support; mechanical strength; made of sclereids
tracheids
support and upward conduction of water; thin fibers; no nucleus
vessel element
conduct water; no nucleus
sieve tube member
transport organic compounds with help of companion cell : no nucleus
sieve tube plate
connection site between sieve tubes ; pores
companion cell
load and unload organic materials(sugar) into sieve tube members
phloem tissue
sieve tube member, sieve tube plate, companion cells
xylem tissue
tracheids, vessel elements, fibers
root cap
cover and protect tip of roots
region of cell division
area where cells are dividing and provides growth in length(primary growth)
region of cell elongation
provides lengthening and growth of cells and loosens plant walls
cortex
unspecialized cells located between epidermis and vascular tissue
pericycle (bundle sheath)
regulates formation of lateral roots; surrounds and protects vascular tissue
endodermis
barrier around vascular tissue that is selectively permeable
casparian strip
found within the endodermis; forces water and solutes to cross plasma membranes; regulate water flow
vascular cambium
found in woody plants; secondary growth (increasing diameter) and forming woody tissue
cork cambium
found in woody plants, secondary growth that protects vascular cambium
lenticels
Pores in bark that allow for exchange of gases
leaf primordium
group of cells that will form new leaves
apical meristem
responsible for the primary growth of roots and shoots
lateral bud
involved in secondary growth and produces shoots
pith
soft region made of parenchyma cells; transports and stores nurtrients
vascular tissue in monocot roots
rings
vascular tissue in monocot stems
scattered
vascular tissue in eudicot roots
in the center
vascular tissue in eudicot stems
rings
palisade mesophyll
primary location of photosynthesis; contains many chloroplasts and elongated cells
spongy mesophyll
allows for exchange of gases needed for photosynthesis
cuticle
protective coating covering the epidermis
gymnosperm plant
plants with needles; thick cuticle and sunken stomata
stomach
Aids in digestion by manual breakdown and secreting enzymes that assist in chemical digestion
small intestine
to absorb nutrients from food and further aids in the digestion process
large intestine
removes waste that was not digested after absorbing water and salts
liver
important in metabolization; helps to break down and balance nutrients in the blood and secretes enzymes, hormones, and bile
gallbladder
stores and secretes bile produced by the liver
spleen
controls the quantity of blood cells and protects the blood from germs
pancreas
produces enzymes that breakdown food
kidneys
filters blood and processes toxins and removes the waste in the form of urine
ureters
tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder
urethra
tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body
urinary bladder
stores urine until the muscles relax and then empties the urine out of the body
hard palate
separates the nasal cavity from the mouth and helps with swallowing and speaking with the interactions with the tongue
soft palate
closes off the nasal cavity when swallowing
esophagus
transports food from the mouth to the stomach
epiglottis
flap that folds to close off the trachea when swallowing to prevent food from going down the airway instead of the esophagus
tongue
helps move food around mouth and aids in swallowing; also helps with speech to enunciate words
thymus
serves as a defense mechanism and produces white blood cells
thyroid
produces hormones for metabolism
penis
the male organ that is used for urination to release urine and for sexual intercourse to release sperm
testes
produce sperm and testosterone
ovary
produce and store eggs and secrete female hormones
uterus
to support and nourish a fetus until birth; where a baby develops and contracts during labor
heart
circulates blood throughout the body and is responsible for blood pressure
cranial vena cava
the vein that transports blood from the upper(superior) region of the body to the heart
axillary artery
transports oxygenated blood from the heart to the upper limbs
axillary vein
transports deoxygenated blood from the upper limbs and region to the heart
common carotid artery
transports oxygenated blood from the heart to the head and neck region; supplies oxygen to the brain
internal jugular vein
transports deoxygenated blood from the neck and head region back to the heart
external jugular vein
transports deoxygenated blood from the face and scalp region back to the heart
renal vein
transports deoxygenated blood from the kidneys to the inferior vena cava back to the heart
renal artery
transports oxygenated blood from the aorta to the kidneys
caudal vena cava
transports deoxygenated blood from the lower (inferior) region of the body to the heart
abdominal aorta
transports oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body
umbilical artery
transports deoxygenated blood from a fetus to the placenta
diaphragm
a muscle that contracts and relaxes to allow your lungs to inflate and deflate
bronchus
carries the air from the trachea to the lungs
lungs
organ where gas exchange occurs allowing oxygen to be transported to the rest of the body; responsible for breathing in and out air
trachea
carries air from the larynx to the bronchi; warms and moistens the air before getting to the lungs
larynx
protects the body from inhaling food into the trachea; allows for speech by containing the vocal cords
erythrocytes(red blood cells)
circular in shape cells that transport oxygen throughout the body
leukocytes(white blood cells)
oblong cell shape; responsible for defense mechanisms and the immune system
platelets
small circular cells that float in the blood; responsible for clotting
alveolus
location where the lungs and blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
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