Lab Quiz 1 Vertebrate Zoology

What is the Superclass, Class, and then common name of this vertebrate?

Superclass Myxinomorphi

Class Myxini

Hagfish

Natural History Information for Hagfish

• Elongated, eel-like body with no fins

• Have two teeth with a terminal mouth surrounded by 6 barbels

• Secretes slime

• Lives in deep water

• Tie themselves into knots to rip flesh from carcasses

• Not great swimmers and no good vision

• Single nostril

• Entirely marine life cycle

What is the Superclass, Class, and common name of this vertebrate?

Superclass Petromyzontomorphi

Class Petromyzontida

Lampreys

Natural History for Lampreys

• Cartilaginous skeleton

• No scales

• Circular mouth with epidermal teeth on the tongue and oral disc

• 7 circular gill openings on each side of the body

• Parasitic big, sharp teeth, slowly pulsate the muscles around mouth to wear down the skin to access blood flow for nutrients

• Non-parasitic small, latch onto rocks in the streams and eat anything

What are vertebrates with jaws called?

Superclass Gnathostomata

What is the class name for cartilaginous fishes?

Class Chondrichthyes

What is the subclass name for sharks, skates, and rays

Subclass Elasmobranchii

Natural History for Sharks, Skates, and Rays (Bonnet Head Shark in Picture)

• Possess placoid scales giving the skin a “sandpaper” feel

• Replaceable teeth

• Multiple gill openings (gill slits)

• Protrusible upper jaws

• Internal fertilization

• Sharks have special sense, Ampullae of Lorenzini

• Intromittent organ that evolved from pelvic fins which are called “claspers”

How are shark teeth boney without bones?

The teeth are made of hard, mineralized tissue with enamel

What type of scales do Sharks, Skates, and Rays have?

They have placoid scales that are rough when pushed in one direction and smooth in the other direction, this helps them cut through the water at faster speeds

What order and common name do these sharks belong to?

Order Lamniformes

Mackerel Sharks

Natural History for Order Lamiformes

• “Mackerel Sharks”

• 2 dorsal fins + 1 anal fin

• 5 gill slits

• Eyes w/o nictitating membranes

• Mouth extends behind eyes

• Maintain higher body temp than surrounding water

What is the order and common name of this vertebrate called?

Order Squaliformes

Dogfish sharks

Natural History for Order Squaliformes

• “Dogfish Sharks”

• 2 dorsal fins + NO anal fin

• Slender body, pointed snout (compact)

• What is their namesake?

  • Hint: feeding

What is the order name and common name of this vertebrate?

Order Pristiophoriformes and Sawsharks

Natural history for Order Pristiophoriformes a.k.a Sawshark

• “Sawsharks”

• A type of shark

• Gill slits on side

• Have barbels underneath rostrum

• Alternating teeth pattern

What is the order name and common name of this vertebrate?

Order Pristiformes and Sawfish

Natural history for Order Pristiformes a.k.a Sawfish

• “Sawfishes”

• A type of ray

• Gill slits positioned underside

• Lack barbels

• Evenly spaced teeth on rostrum

What is the order and common name of this vertebrate?

Order Myliobatiformes and Rays

Natural History for Order Myliobatiformes a.k.a Rays

• “Rays”

• Thin, whip-like tail

• 1 or 2 barbed spines near the base of tail for protection

• Generally larger than skates

• Lost dorsal and anal fins

• Dorso-ventrally flattened

• The holes behind the eyes allow for the ray to bury themselves in the sand and syphon water through the holes so they can still breath

What is the subclass and common name for this vertebrate?

Subclass Holocephali and Ratfishes or Chimeras

Natural history for Subclass Holocephali a.k.a Ratfishes or Chimeras

• Gill openings covered by a single gill cover

• No scales over most of the body

• Continually growing teeth that form crushing plates

• Immoveable upper jaws

• Internal fertilization

• Live far off shore in deep water

What is this?

This is a “cleared and stained+ shark head

• Blue: Chondrocranium

• White: Enamel

• Red: Brain and inner ear

What is this?

This is a typical cartilaginous fish skeleton/skull (notice lack of bone)

What is the class name for lobe-finned fishes

Class Sarcopterygii

What is the subclass and order for Coelacanths

Subclass Coelacanthimorpha and Order coelacanthiformes

What is the subclass and order for Lungfishes

Subclass Dipnotetrapodomorpha and Order Ceratodontiformes

What is the class and infraclass of tetrapods

Class Sarcopterygii and Infraclass Tetrapoda

What is the class name for ray-finned fishes

Class Actinopterygii

Natural History facts for Actinopterygii a.k.a ray-finned fishes

• They have rays in their supports, their fins

• Their fins are direct-to-body