Socio-anthropological Perspectives of the Self

What are the two distinct aspects of the self identified by Marcel Mauss?

Moi and Personne.

What does 'moi' refer to in Marcel Mauss' theory?

The idea of the self; our sense of who we are and our basic identity.

What does 'personne' signify according to Marcel Mauss?

The idea of the person; social concepts of what it means to live within a particular institution or community.

How does George Herbert Mead define the emergence of the self?

The self emerges over time from social experiences and activities such as observing, interacting with others, and internalizing external opinions.

In George Herbert Mead's theory, what does 'I' represent?

The subject; the self that acts in present time.

What is the 'Me' in Mead's theory?

The object; the attitude taken by others towards oneself.

What characterizes the Preparatory or Language Stage in Mead's developmental stages?

Young children imitate others without understanding the social meanings behind their actions.

Describe the Play Stage in Mead's developmental theory.

Children pretend to be others and understand the difference between themselves and the roles they play.

What happens in the Game Stage of Mead's developmental stages?

Children understand their role in relation to all other players and their multiple roles with significant others.

What are symbols in the context of George Herbert Mead's theory?

Gestures, objects, and words that form the basis of human communication.

What is Harry Triandis' theory of the self focused on?

The different aspects of the self (private, public, collective) sampled depending on the complexity and individualism of the culture.

How do individualistic cultures relate to the private self?

They tend to sample the private self more frequently, emphasizing autonomy and unique personal attributes.

What is the public self according to Harry Triandis?

Your perception of self in relation to specific dyadic relationships with others.

What is the collective self in Triandis' theory?

Your cognition about yourself as a member of a group or community.

Define ingroups as per the lecture notes.

Groups defined by common goals, common fate, external threats, or resource distribution among members.

What are outgroups according to the notes?

Groups with which one is in competition or does not trust.