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Khan
title given to Mongol leaders meaning supreme ruler
khanate
The region ruled by a khan
il-khanate
a Mongol state that ruled over Persia and parts of the middle east between 1256 and 1335
pax mongolica
“Mongol Peace” - a term coined by western scholars to describe the cultural and economic outcome of the mongols conquest to southeast asia and europe
yam system
a postal or messenger system of way stations with horses and riders that could easily relay information
catapult
mechanism/machine for forcefully propelling stones, spears, or other projectile objects
Genghis Khan
The founder and first great khan of the mongol empire
Kublai Khan
The ruler of the mongol empire from 1260-1294. established mongol rule in china under the yuan dynasty
ogodei khan
the third son of genghis khan, second ruler of/ great khan of the mongol empire
hulegu khan
the mongol leader who conquered a lot of southwest asia, grandson of genghis khan
golden horde
a mongol khanate (eventually a turkicized) established in the 13th century, originated as the northwestern section of the mongol empire. became a fully functional separate khanate after mongol fragmentation in 1259
yuan dynasty
the first foreign-ruled dynasty in chinese history to command all of china. mongols gradually adopted many chinese bureaucratic models
ming dynasty
succeeded the yuan dynasty, from 1368-1644 known for its expansion of trade establishing cultural ties with the west
ortogh system
merchant associates established to promote trade over long distances. 70-100 men at a time
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