Studied by 5 people
what are the concepts surrounding peace and conflict
peace
justice
forgiveness
Reconciliation
Which famous philosopher was an advocate of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament?
Bertrand Russell
What is righteous anger?
to be angry at injustice
When has God used violence in the bible?
the story of Noah and the Flood (Genesis 6-9).
Give a quote from bible that justifies violence
‘You are to take life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, burn for burn, wound for wound, bruise for bruise.’ [Exodus 21 : 23-25 NIV]
Give an example of catholic violence which aim's was to strive for peace
The crusades
What do catholic teachings promote?
peace
Give an example from the bible that Catholicism promotes peace
Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you.’ (John 14: 27)
What do christians believe Jesus was sent down to earth for?
Peace and reconciliation
What brings reconciliation?
repentance and faith in God
What was Jesus seen to promote?
Pacifism
Give an example that shows Jesus promoted peace
If anyone slaps you on the right cheek, turn to them the other cheek also.’ [Matthew 5 : 38-39 NIV].
What are the 2 different views on violence?
Violence is wrong when it is purely aggressive
Violence is just when opposing injustice - self-defence
What does the CND stand for?
Campaign for nuclear disarmament
What are peaceful protests?
Non-violent actions and acts of passive resistance
Who are two people known for non-violent protests?
Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King
What is terrorism?
The use of indiscriminate (random) violence to create fear and achieve a particular goal
Why is the catholic church against terrorism?
It goes against 2 just war precepts -
Action is taken against civilians.
Action is taken without legitimate authority.
what is torture?
it involves inflicting suffering on someone in hopes of gaining useful information?
how can torture be justified?
sometimes it can be justified on utilitarian grounds where the pros outweigh the cons
Does the catholic church support torture?
No - they teach that torture goes against human dignity and is contrary to the moral law
What is radicalisation?
A process by which someone becomes so convinced of their beliefs that they want to force them on others.
What are Buddhists teachings towards violence?
They generally go against forms of violence because it opposes the first moral precept - to not cause harm to any living being
Give an instance in Buddhism when violence is acceptable
When it is more ethical to use violence The Dalai Lama quoted; "If someone has a gun and is trying to kill you, it would be reasonable to shoot back with your own gun"
What are buddhist view towards non-violent protests?
They usually support peaceful protests eg. in the 1900's a cambodian Monk led a series of non-violent marches to advocate reconciliation and peace after decades of civil conflict
give an example of a violent protest by a monk
In Vietnam 1963, monk Quang Duc set himself on fire in hopes of bringing light to the repressive government towards Buddhists
What are the Buddhist teachings to counter acts of terrorism?
To counter terrorism with acts of love and compassion, because revenge only causes suffering
What are reasons for war?
Greed
Self-defence
Retaliation
Give an example of a war fought for greed?
The Gulf War
What is the just war theory?
Just War theory is a tradition that lays out the conditions for a war to be necessary and permissible.
What are the 2 catagories
Jus ad bellum - right to go to war
Jus in bello - right conduct in war
What are the conditions for a just war?
Just cause - there must be a good reason.
Right intention - only going to war with peaceful or good intentions
Declared by a legitimate authority.
Reasonable chance of success.
Last resort - all other options must have been exhausted.
What are the conditions for right conduct in war?
No use of excessive force.
War must be waged only against combatants (fighters), not civilians.
The benefits of any actions must outweigh the harms.
Proportionality - actions and attacks must be just severe enough to win, and not out of scale with the situation.
Give 3 common ethical approaches to war
situation ethics - looking at the context
Just war theory
Utilitarianism - striving for the greatest possible happiness
What is catholic view point on weapons of mass destruction?
They oppose weapons of mass destruction - it is considered a crime against God to cause widespread suffering to non-combatants and wholesale destruction [CCC 2314].
What does WMD stand for?
Weapons of mass destruction
What damage can biological weapons inflict?
spread harmful bacteria in the atmosphere, polluting water, food and the air we breathe.
also cause death on a massive scale and are illegal.
What is the argument for nuclear weapons?
Deterrent: many countries argue that having nuclear weapons deters other countries from using nuclear weapons.
Utilitarianism: the US justified their use of nuclear weapons in Hiroshima and Nagasaki to end WWII by arguing that it was the least costly means of winning the war - both economically and in terms of (American) lives.
What is the argument against nuclear weapons?
Economics: A nuclear weapons programme costs money that could otherwise be spent on healthcare or benefits.
Loss of lives: Nuclear weapons do not discriminate and have negative health effects for many generations after an attack. This is because of the effects of radiation. This is against the Just War theory, which prohibits targeting innocent civilians.
Many countries, including the UK, have signed the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty to limit the spread of nuclear weapons.
Give christian view on WMD's
All Christian denominations are against the use of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction.
Some do say that having nuclear weapons maintains peace because they work as a deterrent.
Religious people are likely to believe this goes against the sanctity of life.
What is a holy war?
Holy wars are wars in which people believe they have God on their side.
What are features of a holy war?
A holy war must be authorised by a religious leader with great authority,
A Holy war's purpose should be to defend the faith from attack
Those who take part believe they will gain spiritual rewards
Those who dies in battle will go straight to heaven
Give an example when Buddhism has caused a war
Japanese Buddhism war - 20th century
What is a christian quote that shows that all religious work is to create peace?
'Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called children of God.’ [Matthew 5 : 9 NIV]
What is pacifism?
Pacifism is a belief that war is never right and that peace is the only option
Give a christian pacifist
Mariead Corrigan
Give a buddhist pacifist
Thich Nhat Hanh
What is a Conscientious objector?
An "individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service" on the grounds of freedom of thought, conscience, or religion.
What did the Dalai lama say about peace?
"We can never obtain peace in the outer world, until we make peace within ourselves"
What is non-violence for buddhists?
It emerges from inner peace and practice
What do buddhists believe about resisting oppression?
They believe that you must resist to oppression or injustice since it causes suffering for many beings
What are some consequences of war on civillians?
War can have devastating affects on the country's resources and the inhabitants. For example, if the main wage earner in a family dies, their family might struggle financially without them. If crops and food are destroyed, the people that survive on this food can become starved and dehydrated if water systems become polluted.
What is a quote from christian teachings that support helping victims of war?
"Love your neighbour as yourself"
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