Exam 4 Human Anatomy II

the kidneys help regulate blood volume and blood pressure by:

adjusting the volume of water lost in urine

the kidneys helps to conserve valuable nutrients by:

preventing their excretion in urine

Which of the following would not be performed by the kidney

urine storage

the kidney functions in

excretion of wastes and excess ions.

the kidney helps to stabilize the pH of the blood by

controlling the loss of hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions in urine

Which is between the proximal and distal tubules?

the loop of Henle

the juxtamedullary nephrons

have long loops of henle

if secretion is the process being used,

the substance must be moving from the blood of the peritubular capillaries, and into the tubular fluid

the structural and functional units of the kidneys are called

nephrons

the renal corpuscle connects to the

proximal convoluted tubule

if reabsorbtion is the process being used,

the substance must be moving from the tubular fluid, and into the blood of the peritubular capillaries

if filteration is the process being used,

it must be happening inside the renal corpuscle

the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule

is part of the filtration membrane and contains podocytes

filtration slits is the name given to the

gaps between the podocyte process in the visceral layer pf Bowman's capsule

an obstruction in the afferent arteriole would reduce the flow of blood into the

glomerulus

the renal corpuscle consists of

the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule

the network of capillaries that is located in Bowman's capsule is called the

glomerulus

the openings between the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries are called

fenestrae

which of the following structures is a capillary

glomerulus

which of the following pressure tends to force fluid from the glomerulus through the filtration membrane into Bowman's capsule?

glomerular capillary pressure

formation of filtrate depends on

pressure gradient

which of the following events would increase filtration pressure?

constriction of the efferent arteriole

the movement of fluid into Bowman's capsule is opposed by

capsular pressure

passage of proteins into Bowman's capsule is prevented by

the size of the capillary pores, the size of the filtration slits in the podocytes, and the size of the proteins

plasma contains a much greater concentration of ____ than the glomerular filtrate

protein

the amount of filtrate produced per minute is called the

glomerular filtration rate

what percent of filtrate becomes urine

less than 1%

choose the one that does not belong

glomerulus

which of the following ions are cotransported across the wall of the proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, and the ascending limb of the loop of henle

sodium and chloride

the portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the

distal convoluted tubule

when sodium is actively transported from tubular cells in the interstitial fluid

Na+ concentration gradient is established between the tubule lumen and tubule cell.

the renal corpuscle connects to the

proximal convoluted tubule

substances that are cotransported into proximal convoluted tubule cells include

glucose molecules with sodium ions

most water is reabsorbed from the filtrate in the

proximal convoluted tubule

the proximal convoluted tubule is

the site of glucose and amino acid reaborption

in the sodium-hydrogen countertransport system

sodium ions are transported into the cell; hydrogen ions are transported out of the cell

tubular secretions occurs in which of the following structures

distal convoluted tubule

in the ascending limb of the loop of henle

potassium and chloride are cotransported with sodium across the apical membrane

tubular reaborption and tubular secretion differ in that

tubular secretion adds materials to the filtrate; tubular reabsorption removes materials from the filtrate

which of the following states are true

reabsorption of water in the filtrate may be hormonally controlled

potassium ions enter the lumen of the ____ by the process of active transport

distal tubule

in which of the following locations is filtrate osmolality highest

tip of the loop of henle

water reabsorption by the renal tubules uses

osmosis

the ability of the kidney to concentrate urine depends on

a high medullary concentration gradient

once inside the cells of the ascending limb, potassium and chloride cross the basal cell membrane into the interstitial fluid by the process of

cotransport