Psychology - Unit 9

Just World Phenomenon

tendency to believe that the world is just (fair) and that people get what they deserve

Dispositional Attribution

Attributes the cause of behavior to some internal characteristics of the person

Situational Attribution

Attributes behavior to some situation, circumstance, or event outside of that persons control

Central Route of Persuasion

persuading someone through facts, logic, thinking carefully and not acting on emotion

Peripheral Route of Persuasion

persuading someone through emotion or endorsement through a famous person

Foot in Door Phenomenon

tendency for people who have the 1st complete a small regret to later comply to a larger request

Door in Face Phenomenon

tendency for people to comply with a small request after 1st denying a larger request

Festinger’s Cognitive Dissonance Theory

The discomfort felt when we realize our actions/attitudes don’t align

Stanford Prison Experiment

Showed how individuals are willing to conform to assigned roles, even when those roles involve unethical or harmful actions

Prejudice

A belief

Discrimination

A action

Ethnocentrism

to judge another’s culture based on your own

Ingroup

people whom we share a common identity with

Outgroup

people who we perceive as different/apart of our group

Ingroup Bias

the tendency to act more positive or helpful towards members of your own group over the members of the outgroup

Outgroup Homogeneity Bias

tendency to assume that the members of other groups are very similar to each other

Implicit Bias

unconscious evaluations/feelings toward a person or object due to past experiences

Robber’s Case Study

Social Trap

a situation in which individuals or groups act in their own self-interest and end up causing a negative outcome for everyone involved

Superordinate Goals

shared goals that override differences for cooperation

Conformity

a change in a persons behavior or opinion due to imagined pressure from another person or group

Solomon Asch’s Experiment

demonstrated the extent to which social pressure from a majority group could cause a person to conform

Normative Social Influence

fitting with a group because you don’t want to stand out

Informative Social Influence

people conform because they think someone knows more than they do

Milgram Shock Experiment

experiment aimed to investigate the extent to which people obey an authority figure

Social Facilitation

our performance improves when doing a task in front of others especially if it is a well learned task

Social Loafing

don’t work as hard when in groups, people feel less accountable

Deindividuation

lose our sense of identity in large groups which can lead to immoral or violent behavior

Group Polarization

the tendency for group discussions to strengthen the dominant position held by individual group members, leading to more extreme positions.

Group Think

we fail to voice our concerns when group decisions are being made due to pressure for conformity leading to poor decision making

Kitty Genovese

was a victim of a brutal murder in 1964 in New York City, which sparked research on bystander intervention and social psychology.

Reciprocity Norm

the expectation that people will respond favorably to each other by returning benefits for benefits

Responsibility Norm

the expectation that individuals will take responsibility for helping others in need.

Altruism

the selfless concern for the well-being of others, often leading to helping behaviors without expectation of reward.