Terms 11

Ch.11: TheGastrointestinal System-Gastrenterology

The gastrointestinal system takes in and breaks down what to provide energy for the body?

food

The first step in turning food to energy is

digestion.

Three types of usable of food fuel:

* Protein
* Fat
* Carbohydrates

The gastrointestinal system is broken into the:

* Gastrointestinal (GI) tract
* Accessory organs

Or/o, stomat/o

mouth

Dent/o, odont/o

tooth

Gingiv/o

gums

Chyme

chewed food

After leaving the mouth, food passes through the

esophagus to the stomach.

The _____ secretes chemicals to break down food into smaller parts.

stomach

Gloss/o, lingu/o

tongue

Esophag/o

esophagus

Gastr/o

stomach

Large intestine main function

absorb remaining water

Small intestine main function

chemically breaks down food

Enter/o

intestines

Duoden/o

duodenum

Jejun/o

jejunum

Ile/o

ileum

Col/o, colon/o

colon (large intestine)

Sigmoid/o

sigmoid colon

Rect/o

rectum

An/o

anus

Proct/o

anus and rectum

Liver

produces bile

Bile is stored in the _______ and secreted into the small intestine.

gallbladdar

Pancreas

has enzymes to break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

Sial/o

saliva

Bil/i, chol/e

bile (gall)

The gastrointestinal organs are located in the

abdomen

The gastrointestinal organs are surrounded by the

peritoneum

Peritoneum

membrane surrounding the gastrointestinal organs

Abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o

abdomen

Cyst/o

bladder

Doch/o

duct

Hepat/o, hepatic/o

liver

Pancreat/o

pancreas

Peritone/o

peritoneum (def)

Gastrointestinal complaints are usually associated with

pain.

Stomatodynia

mouth pain

Esophalgia

esophagus pain

Gastralgia

stomach pain

Cholecystalgia

pain in the gallbladder

Dyspepsia

bad digestion

Emesis

vomiting

Diarrhea

passing of fluid or unformed feces

Constipation

difficulty passing feces

Jaundice

condition with yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes, arising from excess of the pigment bilirubin and typically caused by obstruction of the bile duct, by liver disease, or by excessive breakdown of red blood cells.

Dentalgia, odontalgia, odontodynia

tooth pain

Aerodontalgia

tooth pain caused by exposure to air

Gingivalgia

gum pain

Gingivostomatitis

inflammation of the mouth and gums

Stomatitis

inflammation of the mouth

Stomatodynia

mouth pain

Aphagia

inability to speak

Esophagalgia

pain in the esophagus

Eupepsia

good digestion

Dyspepsia

bad digestion

Gastralgia, gastrodynia

stomach pain

Hematemesis

vomiting blood

Hyperemesis

excessive vomiting

Dysentery

aka diarrhea

Enterodynia

pain in the intestines

Hemorrhoid

inflammation of the veins surrounding the anus

Rectalgia

rectum pain

Saliva

watery liquid secreted into the mouth by glands, providing lubrication for chewing and swallowing, and aiding digestion.

Sialorrhea

excessive salivation

Cholecystalgia

pain in the gallbladder

icterus

aka jaundice

What are the tests regarding the gastrointestinal organs

* Visual inspection
* Palpation
* Laboratory tests
* Radiologic/ultrasound tests
* Visual inspection with a camera

Gastromalacia

softening of the stomach

Gastroparesis

partial paralysis of the stomach

Stomatogastric

pertaining to the mouth and stomach

Stomatosis

mouth condition

Gingivitis

inflammation of the gums

Gingivoglossitis

inflammation of the gums and tongue

Glossoplegia

paralysis of the tongue

Odontoclasis

breaking of a tooth

Anophony

sound from the anus

Flatus

passing gas

Hernia

rupture of protrusion of an organ through the wall that normally contains it

Steatorrhea

excessive fat in the feces

Hepatomalacia

softening of the liver

Hepatomegaly

enlargement of the liver

Hepatoptosis

downward displacement of the liver

Biligenesis

formation of bile

Cholelith

gallstone; literally, a stone in the bile

Pancreatolith

stone in the pancreas

Sialoangiectasis

overexpansion of the salivary glands

Sialolith

stone in the saliva

Sialostenosis

narrowing of the salivary glands

Ascites

retention of fluid in the peritoneum

Cholangiogram

record of the bile vessels

Cholangiography

procedure for mapping the bile vessels

Cholangiopancreatography

procedure for mapping the bile vessels and pancreas

Cholecystogram

record of the bile bladder

Pancreatography

procedure for mapping the pancreas

Fecal occult blood test (FOBT)

test of feces to discover blood not visibly apparent

Nasogastric tube

tube inserted through the nose into the stomach

Dentrifice

a paste or powder for cleaning the teeth