The gastrointestinal system takes in and breaks down what to provide energy for the body?
food
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The first step in turning food to energy is
digestion.
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Three types of usable of food fuel:
* Protein * Fat * Carbohydrates
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The gastrointestinal system is broken into the:
* Gastrointestinal (GI) tract * Accessory organs
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Or/o, stomat/o
mouth
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Dent/o, odont/o
tooth
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Gingiv/o
gums
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Chyme
chewed food
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After leaving the mouth, food passes through the
esophagus to the stomach.
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The _____ secretes chemicals to break down food into smaller parts.
stomach
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Gloss/o, lingu/o
tongue
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Esophag/o
esophagus
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Gastr/o
stomach
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Large intestine main function
absorb remaining water
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Small intestine main function
chemically breaks down food
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Enter/o
intestines
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Duoden/o
duodenum
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Jejun/o
jejunum
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Ile/o
ileum
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Col/o, colon/o
colon (large intestine)
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Sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
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Rect/o
rectum
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An/o
anus
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Proct/o
anus and rectum
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Liver
produces bile
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Bile is stored in the _______ and secreted into the small intestine.
gallbladdar
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Pancreas
has enzymes to break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
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Sial/o
saliva
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Bil/i, chol/e
bile (gall)
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The gastrointestinal organs are located in the
abdomen
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The gastrointestinal organs are surrounded by the
peritoneum
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Peritoneum
membrane surrounding the gastrointestinal organs
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Abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o
abdomen
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Cyst/o
bladder
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Doch/o
duct
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Hepat/o, hepatic/o
liver
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Pancreat/o
pancreas
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Peritone/o
peritoneum (def)
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Gastrointestinal complaints are usually associated with
pain.
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Stomatodynia
mouth pain
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Esophalgia
esophagus pain
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Gastralgia
stomach pain
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Cholecystalgia
pain in the gallbladder
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Dyspepsia
bad digestion
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Emesis
vomiting
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Diarrhea
passing of fluid or unformed feces
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Constipation
difficulty passing feces
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Jaundice
condition with yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes, arising from excess of the pigment bilirubin and typically caused by obstruction of the bile duct, by liver disease, or by excessive breakdown of red blood cells.
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Dentalgia, odontalgia, odontodynia
tooth pain
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Aerodontalgia
tooth pain caused by exposure to air
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Gingivalgia
gum pain
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Gingivostomatitis
inflammation of the mouth and gums
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Stomatitis
inflammation of the mouth
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Stomatodynia
mouth pain
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Aphagia
inability to speak
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Esophagalgia
pain in the esophagus
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Eupepsia
good digestion
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Dyspepsia
bad digestion
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Gastralgia, gastrodynia
stomach pain
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Hematemesis
vomiting blood
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Hyperemesis
excessive vomiting
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Dysentery
aka diarrhea
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Enterodynia
pain in the intestines
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Hemorrhoid
inflammation of the veins surrounding the anus
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Rectalgia
rectum pain
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Saliva
watery liquid secreted into the mouth by glands, providing lubrication for chewing and swallowing, and aiding digestion.
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Sialorrhea
excessive salivation
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Cholecystalgia
pain in the gallbladder
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icterus
aka jaundice
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What are the tests regarding the gastrointestinal organs
* Visual inspection * Palpation * Laboratory tests * Radiologic/ultrasound tests * Visual inspection with a camera
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Gastromalacia
softening of the stomach
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Gastroparesis
partial paralysis of the stomach
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Stomatogastric
pertaining to the mouth and stomach
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Stomatosis
mouth condition
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Gingivitis
inflammation of the gums
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Gingivoglossitis
inflammation of the gums and tongue
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Glossoplegia
paralysis of the tongue
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Odontoclasis
breaking of a tooth
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Anophony
sound from the anus
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Flatus
passing gas
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Hernia
rupture of protrusion of an organ through the wall that normally contains it
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Steatorrhea
excessive fat in the feces
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Hepatomalacia
softening of the liver
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Hepatomegaly
enlargement of the liver
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Hepatoptosis
downward displacement of the liver
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Biligenesis
formation of bile
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Cholelith
gallstone; literally, a stone in the bile
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Pancreatolith
stone in the pancreas
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Sialoangiectasis
overexpansion of the salivary glands
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Sialolith
stone in the saliva
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Sialostenosis
narrowing of the salivary glands
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Ascites
retention of fluid in the peritoneum
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Cholangiogram
record of the bile vessels
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Cholangiography
procedure for mapping the bile vessels
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Cholangiopancreatography
procedure for mapping the bile vessels and pancreas
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Cholecystogram
record of the bile bladder
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Pancreatography
procedure for mapping the pancreas
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Fecal occult blood test (FOBT)
test of feces to discover blood not visibly apparent